Large losses of bacteria in the______phase can be avoided artificially.

From Paragraph 3, it may be concluded that some large companies______.

A．will gladly join in the fitness program

B．have realized the need of effective measures

C．have carried research into the causes of profit losses

D．have come to see backaches are the greatest cause for the losses

When timber has been purchased on a ("per unit of volume") harvested basis, the losses associated with miss cut logs are borne by the ______. If the timber has been purchased on a lump-sum basis, inattention to bucking decisions can create large financial losses to

A. landowner, timber buyer B. timber buyer, landowner C. forest manager, logger

rge financial losses to ______. When timber has been purchased on a ("per unit of volume") harvested basis, the losses associated with miss cut logs are bome by the ______.

A. timber buyer, landowner

B. landowner, timber buyer

C. forest manager, logger

rge financial losses to ______. When timber has been purchased on a ("per unit of volume") harvested basis, the losses associated with miss cut logs are borne by the ______.

A. timber buyer, landowner

B. landowner, timber buyer

C. forest manager, logger

Sharing Economic Losses Through Insurance

Each minute of the day or night, everyone faces a possible financial loss. A home may be destroyed by fire, damaged by lightning, or leveled by a tornado(龙卷风). Personal belongings may be stolen: A car may be damaged in an accident, or it may cause injury to people and property. In come may be lost as the result of the death, disability, or unemployment of a family wage earner. The chance that a loss of this kind may occur is called an economic risk.

Savings provide one way to take care of financial losses. But savings are not the answer to large losses. The best way to guard against large financial losses is through insurance.

Insurance Is a Plan for Sharing Risks and Losses

Ted Mather and four of his friends have a rock group called Quint. Each member of the group owns a valuable instrument. Ted's bass alone cost $900. If an instrument were stolen or damaged, it would be a serious, financial loss for its owner.

Suppose, however, that the members of the group agree to share any losses that occur. For ex ample, if Ted's bass is stolen, each member of the group would contribute $180 to replace it. In other words, they would share the loss. This is the principle of insurance. Persons facing the same risk share the losses that occur among them.

From an insurance standpoint, however, an informal agreement like that made by Quint would not provide much protection. Why？ The reason is that all the instruments might be stolen or damaged at the same time. The group rehearses in the Mathers' garage and sometimes leaves their instruments there between rehearsals. They also travel together in a van when they perform. Suppose that a thief broke into the garage and stole 'all the instruments. What if the garage caught fire.9 What if all instruments were damaged in an accident on the way to or from a concert？ Each member of the group would have to pay one-fifth of the total loss. For some members, this might be more than the amount of their own actual loss.

The purpose of insurance is to provide protection against financial loss at a reasonable cost. This is possible only when the cost of insurance is shared by many people who face a similar risk. But not all of them are likely to have actual losses at the same time.

You Buy Insurance from Insurance Companies

Almost 4,800 companies in the United States are in the business of providing insurance protection. These businesses are called insurance companies. Because most insurance companies operate on a big scale, they provide a way for large numbers of people to share their losses.

When you buy insurance, you enter into a written agreement with the insurance company. This agreement is called a policy. The person who buys insurance is the policyholder. According to the agreement, the insurance company promises to pay the policyholder if certain types of losses occur. The policy states exactly what losses the company will pay for. For this protection, the policyholder makes regular payments to the insurance company. Each payment is called a premium(保险费). The premiums paid by all policyholders are used to pay those who have losses. In this way, a loss that might result in great financial hardship for one person or household is shared by many people. Be cause only a portion of those insured will actually have losses, premiums are small compared to the a mount of protection provided.

Many Kinds of Risks Can Be Insured

Insurance can provide protection against almost any kind of loss. Singers may insure their voices. Photographers may insure their negatives. The owner of a home freezer may insure against food loss in case of power failure. A business owner can insure his or her place of business. A business owner can also insure against a loss of profits during a shutdown following a fire or damaging accident.

&

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Sharing Economic Losses through Insurance

Each minute of the day or night, everyone faces a possible financial loss. A home may be destroyed by fire, damaged by lightning, or leveled by a tornado. Personal belongings may be stolen. A car may be damaged in an accident, or it may cause injury to people and property. Income may be lost as the result of the. death, disability, or unemployment of a family wage earner. The chance that a loss of this kind may occur is called an economic risk.

Savings provide one way to take care of financial losses. But savings are not the answer to large losses. The best way to guard against large financial losses is through insurance.

Insurance Is a plan for sharing Risks and Losses

Ted Mather and four of his friends have a rock group called Quint. Each member of the group owns a valuable instrument. Ted's bass alone cost ＄ 900. If an instrument were stolen or damaged, it would be a serious financial loss for its owner.

Suppose, however, that the members of the group agree to share any losses that occur. For example, if Ted's bass is stolen, each member of the group would contribute＄ 180 to replace it. In other words, they would share the loss. This is the principle of insurance. Persons facing the same risk share the losses that among them.

From an insurance standpoint, however, an informal agreement like that made by Quint would not provide much protection. Why？ The reason is that all the instruments might be stolen or damaged at the same time. The group rehearses in the Mathers' garage and sometimes leaves their instruments there between rehearsals. They also travel together in a van when they perform. Suppose that a thief broke into the garage and stole all the instruments. What if the garage caught fire？ What if all instruments were damaged in an accident on the way to or from a concert？ Each member of the group would have to pay one-fifth of the total loss. For some members, this might be more than the amount of their own actual loss.

The purpose of insurance is to provide protection against financial loss at a reasonable cost. This is possible only when the cost of insurance is shared by many people who face a similar risk. But not all of them are likely to have actual losses at the same time.

You Buy Insurance from Insurance Companies

Almost 4, 800 companies in the United States are in the business of providing insurance protection. These businesses are called insurance companies. Because most insurance companies operate on a big scale, they provide a way for large numbers of people to share their losses.

When you buy insurance, you enter into a written agreement with the insurance company. This agreement is called a policy. The person who buys insurance is the policyholder. According to the agreement, the insurance company promises to pay the policyholder if certain types of losses occur. The policy states exactly what losses the company will pay for. For this protection, the policyholders make regular payments to the insurance company. Each payment is called a premium. The premiums paid by all policyholders are used to pay those who have losses. In this way, a loss that might result in great financial hardship for one person or household is shared by many people. Because only a portion of those insured will actually have losses, premiums are small compared to the amount of protection provided.

Many Kinds of Risks Can Be Insured

Insurance can provide protection against almost any kind of loss. Singers may insure their voices. Photographers may insure their negatives. The owner of a home freezer may insure against food loss in case of a power failure. A business owner can insure his or her place of business. A business owner can also insure against a loss of profits during a shutdown following a fire or

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Text 3 The following is an informally written Solution part of an abstract with a BPSA structure: Besides, Chinese authorities are also doing a fine job fighting Internet fraud and Internet regulation. Some experts even estimate that China's annual net fraud losses could exceed $100 billion. Our country is cracking down on fraud that lies on the vast internet all the time. We have established a nationwide anti fraud large data platform, which is an important measure to establish a long-term regulatory mechanism for the internet. China still has a long way to go in order to protect personal information so as to make it more effective. Question: Which linker phrases should be used to replace the informal linker in the text？

A、However

B、Nevertheless

C、In addition

D、In contrast

Most large corporations in the United States were

once run by individual capitalists who owned enough

stock to dominate the board of directors and dictate

company policy. Because putting such large amounts of

(5) stock on the market would only depress its value, they

could not sell out for a quick profit and instead had to

concentrate on improving the long-term productivity of

their companies. Today, with few exceptions, the stock

of large United States corporations is held by large

(10) institutions-pension funds, for example-and because

these institutions are prohibited by antitrust laws from

owning a majority of a company's stock and from

actively influencing a company's decision-making, they

can enhance their wealth only by buying and selling

(15) stock in anticipation of fluctuations in its value. A

minority shareholder is necessarily a short term trader.

As a result, United States productivity is unlikely to

improve unless shareholders and the managers of the

companies in which they invest are encouraged to

(20) enhance long-term productivity (and hence long-term

profitability), rather than simply to maximize short-

term profits.

Since the return of the old-style. capitalist is unlikely,

today's short-term traders must be remade into

(25) tomorrow's long-term capitalistic investors. The legal

limits that now prevent financial institutions from

acquiring a dominant shareholding position in a corpora-

tion should be removed, and such institutions encouraged

to take a more active role in the operations of the

(30) companies in which they invest. In addition, any institu-

tion that holds twenty percent or more of a company's

stock should be forced to give the public one day's

notice of the intent to sell those shares. Unless the

announced sale could be explained to the public on

(35) grounds other than anticipated future losses, the value of

the stock would plummet and, like the old-time capital-

ists, major investors could cut their losses only by

helping to restore their companies' productivity. Such

measures would force financial institutions to become

(40) capitalists whose success depends not on trading shares

at the propitious moment, but on increasing the produc-

tivity of the companies in which they invest.

In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which of the following？

A．Comparing two different approaches to a problem

B．Describing a problem and proposing a solution

C．Defending an established method

D．Presenting data and drawing conclusions from the data

E．Comparing two different analyses of a current situation

A.BSCT

B.BCT

C.BACT

D.BSTC

A.显示屏

B.条形码阅读器

C.孵育箱

D.数据接口

E.温度监测器