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提问人:网友cooper1919 发布时间:2022-01-07
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Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half

fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

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更多“Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half”相关的问题
第1题
Which statement would Frans de Waal most probably agree to?A.Bonobos are not as concerned

Which statement would Frans de Waal most probably agree to?

A.Bonobos are not as concerned about each other as chimps.

B.Atheists would like to emulate the harmony among Bonobos.

C.Bonobos are a good example to show where morality comes from.

D.Atheists are a group of people who are lack of moral standards.

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第2题
SECTION ACONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Lis

SECTION A CONVERSATIONS

Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文:W: Oh, David. I just can't believe it. There are more than forty million people who have HIV in the world, 70 percent of them in Africa, and the former Soviet Union and parts of Asia are also big risk areas.

M: The UN AIDS organization last week estimated that in just over 20 years, 20 million people have died of AIDS, and this figure will be 3 times in the next 2 decades unless a major rescue effort is launched in poor countries.

W: That sounds really terrible! Something must be done to it.

M: Yes. The 14th International AIDS Conference was held in Barcelona. It's aiming at increased global awareness of the threat of the killing epidemic to the economic development, peace, security and mobilized resources to check the spread of HIV. I've heard there's breakthrough in technology. But the fight against AIDS will be long.

W: Many people argue that AIDS victims should be separated. What de you think about it?

M: Separating will help no one. Most AIDS patients are too sick to be transmitting the virus. Largely people who de not have AIDS but are infected with the HIV virus are spreading the virus, and they may or may not know it. Separation would be totally futile.

W: Would mandatory testing help?

M: I believe it would drive every people you want to test underground. Voluntary, confidential testing is much more appropriate.

How many people are there in Africa infected with HIV?

A.40 million.

B.About 28 million.

C.12 million.

D.Less than 28 million.

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第3题
SECTION CNEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Lis

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文: The Place de Concorde in central Paris is usually filled with tourists. Sunday night, it was teaming with fans of French President-elect Nicolas Sarkozy, who had invited voters to a victory rock concert. Thirty-thousand people turned out. Most of them were young, and most were optimistic about Mr. Sarkozy' s victory. A lot of young people support Nicolas Sarkozy, said one student from Paris. He said students think he can make the changes France needs. But there were also anti-Sarkozy protests in some parts of the country. Nearly 400 cars were reported burned in cities across France. But police said there was little violence in the places where it had been most feared - the multi-ethnic neighborhoods where Mr. Sarkozy is blamed for inflaming tensions between the police and youth. Instead, police blamed the incidents mostly on right and left-wing extremists. Mr. Sarkozy, a conservative, won 53 percent of the vote. Thatgave him a comfortable majority over his opponent, socialist Segolene Royal, and a strong mandate to pursue the economic reforms he has proposed. They include changes to France' s generous unemployment benefit and to standard work contracts that protect worker security.

One of his proposed measures would ensure a minimum train service. That would stop rail workers from shutting down the country to protest his reforms. Mr. Sarkozy is taking a few days off before he takes office on May 16.

Most of the thirty-thousand people were______ about Mr. Sarkozy's victory.

A.nervous

B.worried

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

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第4题
Why in Lamb's eyes most black and Asian people de not mind the words at all?A.They have be

Why in Lamb's eyes most black and Asian people de not mind the words at all?

A.They have been fed up with such word play and tricks.

B.They know that there is no substantial change at all.

C.What they care is the association of the words, not the words themselves.

D.They arc apathetic to such political issues, for they are so far from them.

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第5题
The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help prove hospitals who
are accused of wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain.

A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.

While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part.

The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.

"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist. "Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse." "I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering."

Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. "These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.

The underlined word "alleviate" in the fifth paragraph probably means"______".

A.cure

B.ease

C.improve

D.kill

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第6题
What is the main idea of this passage?A.The reasons why people become workaholics.B.The de

What is the main idea of this passage?

A.The reasons why people become workaholics.

B.The definition and harms of workaholism.

C.The countries which have the most workaholics.

D.The methods of not being a workaholic.

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第7题
"There are always opportunities to meet and work with interesting people in an internation
al context and young people, like myself, are given lots of responsibility early in their careers," says Caroline Mort, currently in the marketing department of Hyatt's Africa, Middle East and European division in Lausanne. Mort, also a graduate from Center International de Glion, Switzerland continues, "Every day there is something new. Well trained individuals in the hospitality trade have many career opportunities. "

Mott's thoughts are echoed in the brochures of universities and colleges around the world which offer programs in hotel management. IMHI: Institute de Management hotelier International in France, whose graduate programs are administered by two prestigious institutions—Cornell University and Group ESSEC—concurs, "The hospitality industry continues to internationalize its market and its development. "

"By the year 2000, business forecasts predict that the hospitality industry will be the largest business in the world. This tremendous growth will offer the properly trained management candidate an unlimited opportunity for success," writes the Hotel Consult SHCC Colleges, which has schools in Switzerland, the United States and Australia.

Hotel management provides a practical, interdisciplinary education. Students who have been well educated in hotel management, whatever the area of concentration, can market their skills universally. Dr. Roy Wood, department head of the Scottish Hotel School at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland—one of the United Kingdom's premier hotel management programs—emphasizes that, "graduates from hospitality programs are very attractive to other industries. "

Most hotel management curriculums offer a range of major area courses, including food and beverage management, culinary theory and practice, hotel development and planning, restaurant management and hotel operations. As with most business schools, the majority of the course-work will be fulfilled in required courses for management, accounting, marketing and economics. Additionally, students may take elective courses in chemistry, environmental science, information technology, psychology, sociology, writing and languages.

Courses vary by length, credentials earned, focus and language of instruction. Many European undergraduate programs last from 24 to 30 months and award a diploma upon graduation. IHTTI in Neuchatel, Switzerland offers a three-year degree program in conjunction with the University of Bournemouth. University courses take three or four years to complete, usually earning the student a Bsc. Graduate schools require a one-to-two-year commitment.

Hotel management programs are widely available in Europe and North America, yet virtually non-existent elsewhere. For this reason, these programs attract a culturally diverse student body. In some cases, 95% of the students are foreign born. At HOSTA, in Switzerland, the students are expatriates from 40 nations.

While English and French are the most common languages on campus, as well as within the hospitality industry, students are encouraged to learn several languages to enhance their careers.

"Each (educational host) country has its strengths," explains Roy Wood, "For example, Switzerland is recognized for producing graduates who are strong in food, beverage and accommodation management and the United States is known for its expertise in operations. "

Switzerland has long been regarded as the traditional seat of the hospitality industry. No list of preeminent hotel schools would omit the Ecole Hoteliere de Lausanne which began as a school for children whose families were in the hotel business. It would also include: Center International; the Swiss Hotel Association Hotel Management School, " Les Roches "; the SCHHs Institute Hotelier "Cesar" Ri

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第8题
听力原文: Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for
us to recognize people? Even a skilledwriter probably could not de scribe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.

We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone's personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easierthan describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to de scribe a "nice person," you might begin to think about someone who was kind considerate, friendly, warm-hearted, and so on.

There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. An American psychologist found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types :people are described with such terms.

People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains' or the heroes' role. In fact, the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A.How to distinguish people's faces.

B.How to describe people's personality.

C.How to distinguish people both inward and outward.

D.How to differ good persons from bad persons.

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第9题
Wht does the writer sybout the expnsion of smll businesses Mny smll businesses dWht does t
he writer sybout the expnsion of smll businesses Mny smll businesses de not produce enough profits to finnce growth. B.Mny employees in smll businesses hve problems workings prt of tem. C.Beingble to recruit the right people is the most importnt fctorffecting growth. D.Leders of smll businesses lck the experience to mke their compnies success.

A.Many small businesses de not produce enough profits to finance growth.

B.Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.

C.Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.

D.Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.

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第10题
Part BDirections: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one

Part B

Directions: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文: Are you afraid to raise your hand in class even when you know the answer? If you are, most people would say that you are shy. If you feel shy, you are not alone. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that it isn't your fault. You may have been born that way. How do psychologists measure shyness? One way is by observation. They keep de tailed records of people's actions, like how often these people speak to others or how long it takes someone to say hello to a stranger. Another way to measure shyness is to ask people questions. The test only takes about 10 minutes, it asks questions like: "Do you like going a lot?" and "Do you have many friends?" People must answer either yes or no. These question can predict how people actually behave in social situations. Suppose the test tells you that someone is shy, chances are good that person will act shy. When scientists measure shyness, they are really comparing degrees of shyness. In other words, when researchers say people are shy, they really mean they are more shy than others.

Why does the speaker say that it isn't a fault to be shy?

A.Because many people don't know how to behave in social situations.

B.Because one may have been born that way.

C.Because most persons are shy.

D.Because it's good to be shy.

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第11题
Which of the following purchase limits would most attract people to buy?A.Limit 1.B.Limit

Which of the following purchase limits would most attract people to buy?

A.Limit 1.

B.Limit 3.

C.Limit 5.

D.Limit 6.

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