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提问人：网友zhenghua809 发布时间：2022-01-07

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In the last 500 years, nothing about people--not their clothes, ideas, or languages--

has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.

The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. (80) Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845--1846, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.

There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the World's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.

According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd name Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.

According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years？

A．Food.

B．Chocolate.

C．Potato.

D．Coffee.

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更多“In the last 500 years, nothing about people--not their clothes, ideas, or languages--”相关的问题

第1题

It was a very good year for the Global 500, new-comers and old-comers alike. But can it la

st？

Think of FORTUNE's Global 500 as a candid family portrait, a statistical snapshot of the world's largest corporations assembled shoulder to shoulder, frozen in time. So it is that this year, in the waning light of the 20th century, our reunion photo captures an optimistic scene: a rosy business landscape populated by jolly corporate giants--healthy, happy, and fat. After stumbling amidst the economic turmoil of 1998, the companies of the Global 500 recovered gracefully in 1999. Their total revenues increased 10.6% the best top-line growth in four years, and profits surged 26%.

Many of last year's leaders are once again ahead of the pack. General Motors (No. 1) held tight to its position atop the revenue rankings. (2) But Wal-Mart Stores, fourth last year, rose to No. 2, aided by its $10.7 billion purchase of Britain's Asda Group (formerly No. 354). Meanwhile, General Electric (No. 9) can still claim the most profits on the planet--S10.7 billion, a 15% increase. Even GE, however, may need to start looking over its shoulder. In 1999,14 corporations earned more than $6 billion, up from seven a year before.

The rankings make clear that the gulf between denizens of the new economy and those of the old continues to widen. Companies in cutting-edge industries such as telecommunications, computer technology, and pharmaceuticals again trumped those in mature sectors such as steel, chemicals, and autos. "The rapid pace of technological change is forcing a continuous level investment in emerging sectors," says Bruce Steinberg, chief economist at Merrill Lynch. This creates a dilemma for older industries, Steinberg says, because "they don't have a lot of top--line growth potential." In a dramatic illustration of this gap, the two software companies on the list, Microsoft (No. 235), made a combined $8.2 billion last year. During the same period, the ten metal firms in the Global 500 lost a total of $245 million, one of the worst performances of any industry.

According to the passage, which of the following words is most suitable to describe the economic prospect of the Global 500 at the end of the 20th century？

A．Pessimistic.

B．Tense.

C．Sad.

D．Optimistic.

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第2题

Last year French drivers killed【56】 than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in d

ecades. Credit goes largely【57】 the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon【58】 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500【59】 radar devices this year.

So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【60】 the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras【61】 a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【62】 the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror"【63】 In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were【64】 to give up some civil liberty to improve【65】.

(36)

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第3题

Last year French drivers killed【1】than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in dec

ades. Credit goes largely【2】the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon【3】3,000 lives last year. Success of course breeds success: the government plants to install 500【4】radar devices this year.

So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【5】the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras【6】a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【7】the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror"【8】. In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were【9】to give up some civil liberty to improve【10】.

(1)

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第4题

听力原文： The Bosnian Serb government has given state prosecutors a list of nearly 900 peo

ple suspected of involvement in a massacre of thousands of Muslims at Srebrenica during the Bosnian War. (25)All of those named hold official positions. (24)Last year, the government acknowledged that Bosnian Serb forces were involved in a massacre in 1995 of more than 7, 500 Muslim men and boys when they overrun Srebrenica and surrounding areas. The government said it showed its determination to meet its obligations.

How many people were killed in the massacre？

A．Nearly 900.

B．1, 995.

C．At least 900.

D．More than 7, 500.

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第5题

请根据以下内容回答下列各题 Welcome to visit our company and I am very glad to have the o

pportunity to introduce our company to you all. Our company was established in 1990. We specialize in manufacturing household electrical appliances and exporting them all over the world. Our annual sales of last year is about 80 million dollars, and the business is growing steadily. We have branches in North America and Europe with about 500 employees, and they are working diligently to serve the needs of our customers. In order to further develop overseas market, we need reliable agents to promote our products. I hope you will seriously consider doing business with us. Thank you. The company specializes in the field of 46 __________

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第6题

What I like about the Fortune 500 list

The Fortune 500 isn't made for light reading. (8) ________ The 500 is based on U. S.-based compaflje5, publicly reported revenue, not on any quality-based metrics, You get high-grade companies such as Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway (No. 7) nestled near utter dogs such as Fannie Mae (No. 5). (9) ________ My favorites:

LeBron who？ Last summer, Cleveland sustained a psychic trauma when basketball star LeBron James dumped the Cavaliers and went to Miami. Now the home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has gotten a little mojo back by adding a company to the Fortune 500: Cliffs Natural Resources. (10)________It could have been better for Cleveland, though. The company used to be known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. but renamed itself in 2008, saying, "We're no longer only a North American iron ore player.”LeBron-Cliffs, anyone？

Chrysler returns. The automaker fell off the list 13 years ago, when it was acquired by Daimler-Benz (later DaimlerChrysler) in what proved to be one of the worst corporate deals ever, right up there with Time Warner (owner of Fortune's publisher) selling itself to AOL in 2001. Daimler dumped Chrysler onto the Cerberus leveraged-buyout firm, which put up almost nothing but still overpaid. (11) ________ It has no publicly traded stock. Under the terms of its federal bailout, however, it has to file financial reports with the SEC, so it's list-eligible again. Welcome back, No. 59.

Exit Unisys. Enter Cognizant. These two information technology firms are heading in opposite directions. (12) _______ But the company's revenue dropped in 2010, and this year it's fallen off the list, to No. 520. Meanwhile, Cognizant, on Fortune' s list of fastest-growing companies for a record eight straight years, has grown its way into the 500(No. 484) only three years after first making the Fortune 1,000. (13) ________ Unisys, by contrast, was formed in 1986 by combining old-line computer companies Burroughs and Sperry.

Finally, Buffett. His Berkshire Hathaway cracked the top 10 in revenue and profit for the first time because last year it bought the 78 percent of Burlington Northern that it didn't already own. (Buffett, a longtime director of The Washington Post Co.,steps down this month.)As part of that deal, Buffett split Berkshire Hathaway' s B shares 50 for 1.

(14) _________ So I decided it was time to sell half my Berkshire stake, held in an IRA, into the run-up. The stock's since risen 10 percent. Oh, well. Yet another example of why he's Warren Buffett and I write for a living.

Now match the statements (8-14) to the letter (A, B, C or D).

A Unisys was one of only 62 companies to have been in the 500 every year since Fortune started the list in 1955.

B Cliffs, which is heavy into iron ore pellets, coal and other industrial raw materials, doubled its revenue with the aid of acquisitions and leapt to No. 477 on this year's list from No. 750 last year.

C Cognizant, formed in 1994, is a creature of the offshoring world, with most of its development centers in India.

D I found some of this year's corporate comings and goings especially interesting.

E That got it listed on the S&P 500 index, forcing index investors to buy it and running up its price.

F Chrysler went broke and is now run by Fiat; it is owned primarily by Fiat and a trust for Chrysler workers and retirees.

G But if you leaf through the list at random, the way I used to leaf through the Book of Knowledge encyclopedia when I was a kid, you come across all sorts of stuff that's kind of fun.

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第7题

听力原文： The United States has proposed withdrawing about 1/3 of American troops from Sou

th Korea by the end of next year as part of a realignment of forces under discussion with authorities in Seoul. More from VOA correspondent Alex Belida..

The Pentagon confirms that a senior U. S. defense official has presented South Korean authorities with what is termed a "concept proposal" for the withdrawal of 12,500 troops from the Peninsula by the end of next year. There are about 37,000 U. S. troops in South Korea now. The senior official, Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Asian and Pacific Affairs Richard Lawless, unveiled the proposal in talks Sunday in Seoul. Mr. Lawless made clear the 1/3 cut in the U. S. force in South Korea will include a brigade being transferred to Iraq later this year. That move involving 3,600 troops was announced last month. At the time, it was unclear whether the soldiers would return to South Korea at the conclusion of their Iraqi tour. Alex Belida, VOA news, the Pentagon.

According to the proposal, by the end of next year the U. S. will reduce its troops in South Korea by ______.

A．3,600

B．12,500

C．8,900

D．16,100

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第8题

听力原文： The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a resolution renewing the UN pea

ce-keeping force in Rwanda for another 6 months while reducing its size by more than half.

The UN resolution authorizes the reduction of the UN assistance mission in Rwanda from 5 ,SO0 troops to 2,300 troops within three months and to 1,800 troops within four months. The resolution is a compromise between a proposal by UN Sec rotary General to cut the UN force in half and Rwandans' wish for an even larger reduction. Rwandan authorities say they have assumed responsibility for national security following last year's Hutu-led genocide, reducing the need for UN peace keeping. The UN force will also help with the Training of the national police force and with the delivery of humanitarian aid.

The reduction of ______ UN peace-keeping troops within 3 months from Rwanda is authorized.

A．5,500

B．2,300

C．3,200

D．1,800

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第9题

In nearly 200 years of recorded stock-market history, no calendar decade has seen such a d

ismal performance as the 2000s.

Investors would have been better off investing in pretty much anything else, from bonds to gold or even just stuffing money under a mattress. Since the end of 1999, stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange have lost an average of 0.5% a year thanks to the twin bear markets this decade. The period has provided a lesson for ordinary Americans who used stocks as their primary way of saving for retirement.

Many investors were lured to the stock market by the bull market that began in the early 1980s and gained force through the 1990s. But coming out of the 1990s, the best calendar decade in history with a 17.6% average annual gain, stocks simply had gotten too expensive. Companies also pared dividends, cutting into investor returns. And in a time of financial panic like 2008, stocks were a terrible place to invest.

The decline edges out the 0.2% decline stocks suffered during the Depression years of the 1930s, which up until now held the title of worst decade. And it is worse than other decades with financial panics, such as in 1907 and 1893. Even the 1970s, when a bear market was coupled with inflation, wasn't as bad as the most recent period. The S＆P 500 lost 1.4% after inflation during that decade. That is especially disappointing news for investors, considering that a key goal of investing in stocks is to increase money faster than inflation.

"This decade is the big loser." said Mr. Jones. For investors counting on stocks for retirement plans, the most recent decade means many have fallen behind retirement goals. Many financial plans assume a 10%0 annual return for stocks over the long term, but over the last 20 years, the S＆P 500 is registering 8.2% annual gains. Should stocks average 10% a year for the next decade, that would lift the 30-year average return to only 8.8%, said North Carolina State's Mr. Jones. It is even worse news for those who started investing in 2000; a 10% return a year would get them up to only 4.4% a year.

There were ways to make money in U. S. stocks during the last decade. But the returns paled in comparison with those posted in the 1990s. Of the 30 stocks today that comprise the Dow Jones Industrial Average, only 13 are up since the end of 1999, and just two, Caterpillar Inc. and United Technologies Corp., doubled over the 10-year span.

So what went wrong for the U.S. stock market？

For starters, it turned out that the old rules of valuation matter. "We came into this decade horribly overpriced," said Jeremy Grantham, co-founder of money managers GMO LLC. In late 1999, the stocks in the S＆P 500 were trading at about an all-time high of 44 times earnings, based on Yale professor Robert Shiller's measure, which tracks prices compared with 10-year earnings and adjusts for inflation. That compares with a long-run average of about 16. Buying at those kinds of values, "you'd better believe you're going to get dismal returns for a considerable chunk of time," said Mr. Grantham, whose firm predicted 10 years ago that the S＆P 500 likely would lose nearly 2% a year in the 10 years through 2009. Despite the woeful returns this decade, stocks today aren't a steal. The S＆P is trading at a price-to-earnings ratio of about 20 on Mr. Shiller's measure. Mr. Grantham thinks U.S. large-cap stocks are about 30% overpriced, which means returns should be about 30% less than their long-term average for the next seven years. That means returns of just 1.6% a year before adding in inflation.

Another hurdle for the stock market has been the decline in dividends that began in the late 1980s. Over the long term, dividends have played an important role in helping stocks achieve a 9.5% average annual return since 1926. But since that year, the average yield on S＆P 500 stocks was r

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第10题

听力原文：The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a resolution renewing the UN peac

听力原文： The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a resolution renewing the UN peace-keeping force in Rwanda for another 6 months while reducing its size by more than half.

The UN resolution authorizes the reduction of the UN assistance mission in Rwanda from 5 ,SO0 troops to 2,300 troops within three months and to 1,800 troops within four months. The resolution is a compromise between a proposal by UN Sec rotary General to cut the UN force in half and Rwandans' wish for an even larger reduction. Rwandan authorities say they have assumed responsibility for national security following last year's Hutu-led genocide, reducing the need for UN peace keeping. The UN force will also help with the Training of the national police force and with the delivery of humanitarian aid.

The reduction of ______ UN peace-keeping troops within 3 months from Rwanda is authorized.

A．5,500

B．2,300

C．3,200

D．1,800

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第11题

Last year, he went to a big city to ____________________________（碰碰运气).

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