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更多“due to biological and physiological differences ,different students have different phonetic ability.…”相关的问题
What is implied in the second paragraph？ 查看材料
A.Young children"s biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.
B.People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.
C.Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.
D.Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.
What is implied in the second paragraph？
A. Young children’s biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers．
B. People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock．
C. Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents．
D. Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen．
There are two kinds of division of labor: that based on age and that based on sex.
Division of labor by age results in the obvious biological fact that human beings【C1】______ three major periods of development. In childhood, the human is in large part dependent upon adults for food, shelter, and other【C2】______ ; he has neither the strength nor the skills to【C3】______ for himself. Children, in most societies, have only light tasks as helpers【C4】______ adults or none at all, and when duties are【C5】______ , these are often regarded as educational, to prepare the child for his adult【C6】______ .
Adulthood is ordinarily the period of greatest vigor and ability. The adult man or woman【C7】______ on full responsibility for the duties of his/her sex and special occupation. In many societies, in particular those【C8】______ the technology requires physical strength and stamina, the adult in the prime of life【C9】______ a dominant role and is often assigned the more responsible position in the group.
Old age, since it inevitably brings【C10】______ a loss in muscular vigor and a decline in sight, hearing and coordination, again results in a change in occupational status. This does not necessarily mean that the old lose【C11】______ ;
many societies make full use of their older members' experience and wisdom and employ them to direct the efforts of the more vigorous【C12】______ no-so-experienced adults.
Sex division of labor is more difficult to【C13】______ for in strictly biological terms. A careful survey of the division of labor by sex lends little support to the often-repeated 【C14】______ that women are 【C15】______ only for occupations that require relatively little skill or intelligence. In recent years women, freed from economic【C16】______ to men, have shown themselves fully【C17】______ in nearly all professions in which they have been given the opportunity to participate. Man's wider range of occupation and the fact【C18】______ he very often occupies the more important positions of leadership in human societies, is probably【C19】______ due to his allegedly superior intelligence than to his greater freedom from the biological function of childbirth and the necessarily【C20】______ duties in the care of infant.
【C1】
A．sustain
B．undergo
C．suffer
D．undertake
For many years, Mars had been thought of as the planet with the man made canals, supposedly discovered by an Italian astronomer, Schiaparelli, in 1877. With the United States spacecraft Viking I's landing on 'Mars in 1976, the man-made canal theory was proven to be only a myth.
Viking I, after landing on the soil of Mars, performed many scientific experiments and took numerous pictures. The pictures showed that the red color of the planet is due to the reddish, rocky Martian soil. No biological life was found, though it had been speculated by many scientists. The Viking al so monitored many weather changes including violent dust storms. Some water vapor, polar ice and permafrost were found, indicating that at one time there were significant quantities of water on this distant planet. Evidence collected by the spacecraft shows some present volcanic action, though the volcanoes are believed to be dormant, if not extinct.
Which of the following is true？
A．Mars is larger than the Earth.
B．Mars had Viking as its moon.
C．Martian soil is brownish rod.
D．It takes longer for Mars to circle the Sun than it takes the Earth.
Changes in how the land is used are probably the principal contributor to the current decline in biodiversity. The pressures on terrestrial resources and land depend very much on population growth and the demands of early stages of economic development. Moreover, land acquisition, especially. for agriculture and forestry, focuses initially on those areas with the most fertile soils and equable climates, which are often the areas of greatest biological diversity. Deforestation in the humid tropics is probably the best-known current example of rapid land-use change.
During the decade of the 1970s, vast areas of tropical forest in South America, Africa, and South-east Asia were cleared and converted to agriculture and other uses. In the middle-to-late 1980s, the rates of deforestation in South America slowed dramatically, largely due to economic and tax policy changes in Brazil, but the pace of cutting in Africa and Southeast Asia, though poorly quantified, remains high.
Globally, the rate of loss of tropical forests for the 1980s has been estimated at about I percent per year, but there is still considerable uncertainty. The rates of extinction of local species that accompany these rapid changes in land cover may soon be far in excess of what is found today, reaching as high as 10, 000 times the natural background rate. Analyses of potential impacts on biodiversity that are based on simple measures of deforested area can provide little more than very general conclusions. Heavy applications of fertilizers and pesticides have the potential of creating additional environmental problems as well as affecting the abundance and viability of the other plants and animals and micro-organisms in the same or adjoining areas.
In addition, because of the understandable tendency to put the best land into production first, the expansion of agriculture into less fertile areas typically requires heavier applications of chemicals, more extensive site preparation, and other forms of more intensive management. The typical result is increased chemical runoff to the landscape, and with ensuing degradation, additional pressure for expansion, and the like. It is such a cycle that has led to widespread desertification in some parts of the world, primarily through overgrazing that can be compounded by naturally occurring droughts.
What is the passage mainly about？ ______
A．Changes of biological organizations.
B．Impact of chemicals on the landscape.
C．Causes of decrease in biodiversity.
D．origins of worldwide deforestation.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Much research has been done to test a hypothesis(假说) proposed by linguists called the Critical Period Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that if humans do not learn a foreign language before a certain age, perhaps around puberty(青春期), then due to changes such as maturation of the brain, it becomes impossible to learn the foreign language like a native speaker. No definite answer to this hypothesis has been found and it is still debated by researchers, but there is some evidence that this hypothesis is true for acquiring native-like pronunciation even though there is less evidence that it is true for acquiring the grammar or the vocabulary of a foreign language. Even though nobody knows for certain what exactly happens to our brains as we mature, almost everyone agrees that almost all people who learn a foreign language after puberty will always have an accent. That is, native speakers will be able to identify that the person is not a native speaker of that language. The amount of exposure to English is another factor that determines if the students can acquire native-like English pronunciation. At the present time, most Chinese learners of English do not have enough exposure to English to acquire native-like pronunciation.
Due to biological and physiological differences, individual students have different phonetic ability. Some students are more sensitive to and better at imitating sounds than other students. Although a few students can acquire native-like pronunciation, it is unrealistic for the majority of students to do so. However, admitting the difficulty in acquiring native-like pronunciation does not mean that teachers should not encourage students to improve their pronunciation as much as possible.
Some students take great pains to be accurate in pronunciation. This is often clone at the expense of consistency. And the speech produced in this way is not only unnatural but also uncomfortable to hear. When trying to achieve consistency in pronunciation, students do not have to and should not sacrifice intelligibility(理解). Unintelligible speech is useless and may cause unpleasant feelings for both the speaker and the audience.
We can infer from the first paragraph that______.
A．the hypothesis is true for acquiring the vocabulary
B．the hypothesis is true for acquiring the grammar
C．researchers hold different views towards the hypothesis
D．researchers agree on the hypothesis
More reasonable voices and concerns, on both sides of the fence, are given little attention.
For example, pro-life extremists seem unwilling to draw distinctions between some abortions and others, such as those resulting from rape with an underage child. They would make no exception in the recent real-life case of a woman who discovered in her fifth month that her baby would be born dead due to severe disabilities.
On the other hand, pro-choice extremists within feminism insist on holding inconsistent positions. The pregnant woman has an unquestionable right to abort, they claim. Yet if the biological father has no say whatsoever over the woman's choice, is it reasonable to impose legal obligations upon him for child support？ Can absolute legal obligation adhere without some sort of corresponding legal rights？
The only hope for progress in the abortion dialogue lies in the great excluded middle, in the voices of average people who see something wrong with a young girl forced to bear the baby of a rapist.
Any commentary on abortion should include a statement of the writer's position. I represent what seems to b ea growing "middle ground" in pre-choice opinion. Legally, I believe in the right of every human being to medically control everything under his or her own skin. Many things people have a legal right to do, however, seem clearly wrong to me: adultery, lying to friends, walking past someone who is bleeding on the street. Some forms of abortion fall into that category. Morally speaking, my doubts have become so extreme that I could not undergo the procedure past the first three months and I would attempt to dissuade friends from doing so.
Fanatics on both sides are using reprehensible and deceitful tactics. An honest dialogue on abortion must start by re-setting the stage, by denouncing the approaches that block communication.
According to the passage, the pro-life and pre-choice positions on abortion are ______.
A．complementary to each other
B．opposed to each other
C．similar in nature
D．reconcilable in a way
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is al- most completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A．Nature or Nurture.
B．Cooperative or Competitive.
C．Intelligence: Product of Experiences.
D．Behavior. Product of Instincts.
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