of several marketing functions, and not necessarily the most important ones.

A、mass marketing

B、concentrated marketing

C、differentiated marketing

D、individual marketing

A.the globalization of manufacturing

B.the globalization of markets

C.the globalization of production

D.the globalization of marketing

A.individual

B.undifferentiated

C.differentiated

D.niche

What can be said about the woman？

A．She is a resident in Liverpool.

B．She likes London better than Fendale.

C．She has stayed in several cities.

D．She is a marketing manager.

听力原文：M: I'd like to find a job.

W: We have several part-time jobs available here. Would you like to look through the list？

M: Yes, thank you. I'd like to apply for the job at the English training center.

W: Please fill out the form.

What job is the man looking for？

A．He wants to be with the English training center.

B．He wants to work at a service company.

C．He wants to work in the marketing department.

听力原文： It's amazing how quickly our group has grown. We began with 15 people a little over 4 years ago. We used to meet out at the airport to talk about retail marketing; we were focused on sharing marketing strategies and trying to find new retail opportunities for a variety of banking products. Over time, we put together a line of marketing approaches for financial services that several companies have seized upon. We now routinely speak at financial services conferences and provide private consulting. Our group of 15 people has grown to more than 200, and we take up a lot more office space.

What is the speaker mainly discussing？

A．The plans of a group

B．The history of a group

C．The benefits of joining a group

D．The services provided by a group

owed.

？For each question 15--20, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.

The company might decide to ignore market segment differences and go for the whole market with one market offer. This approach focuses on what is common in the needs of consumers rather than on what is difficult. Product and marketing programs are designed to appeal to most buyers. Mass distribution and mass advertising are relied on. An example of undifferentiated marketing would be the launch of a new chocolate bar targeted at everyone. This approach provides cost economics. Production, inventory and transportation costs are kept low by the single product line. Similarly, advertising, market research and product management costs are kept low. However, most modern marketers have strong doubts about this strategy. It is very difficult to develop a product or brand that will satisfy all customers. Heavy competition will usually be attracted and therefore margins will often be low.

A company may decide to target several market segments and design separate offers for each. General Motors tries to produce a car for every 'purse, purpose and personality'. By establishing a strong position in several segments, consumers’ overall identification with the company will be strengthened and therefore provide a better chance of repeat purchasing. Differentiated marketing typically creates more total sales than undifferentiated marketing. But the production and marketing costs are increased. In some cases, 'over segmentation' can Occur and a company may try to broaden its base. For example, the target market for Johnson ' & Johnsen’s baby shampoo was broadened to include adults. Many countries see a third possibility that is especially appealing when company resources are limited. Instead of going for a small share of a large market, the firm goes for a large share of a submarket. Many examples of concentrated marketing can be found. In computers Sinclair targeted the bottom end of the home computer market； in cars, Saab focuses on the luxury sports car market; in clothes, Laura Ashley originally targeted a distinct segment of the women’s clothes market.

Through this approach, a strong market position can be achieved, operating costs can be kept low and, if targeted well, the firm can earn a high rate of return on its investment. At the same time, higher than normal risks are involved. The particular market segment can tarn sour； larger competitors may well enter the same segment with many more marketing resources. For these reasons, many companies prefer to diversify in several segments.

In terms of application, many factors must be considered when choosing one of the above strategies. When a firm's resources are limited, concentrated marketing make the most sense. Undifferentiated marketing is more suited when the product is homogeneous like grapefruit or steel. The product's stage in its life cycle must also be considered. When a new product is introduced, it is often practical to launch just one version and in that case undifferentiated or concentrated marketing makes the most sense. Differentiated marketing is more applicable to more mature products. Finally, competitors~ marketing strategies are important.

According to the first paragraph, what the main advantage does undifferentiated marketing have？

A．Costs are low.

B．The products can meet all customers' needs.

C．It is very good for competition.

D．The products are more attractive.

erver namedServer2 functions as a print server on the network.A high-speed color print device is attached to Server2. You configure a printer named ColorPrinter on Server2.Several other printers are also configured on Server2. The configuration of ColorPrinter is shown in the exhibit.(Click the Exhibit button.)Users in the marketing department report that when they print large files that contain multiple graphics, thedocuments print very slowly, pausing for several seconds between each page.You need to minimize the impact that large print jobs have on the performance of the printer. You need to achievethis goal by using the least administrative effort.What should you do？（）

A. Create a printer pool that includes an additional printer of the same type as ColorPrinter.

B. Add a second printer to Server2 that prints to the same print device as ColorPrinter. Instruct marketing users to submit large print jobs to one device and smaller print jobs to the other.

C. Configure ColorPrinter to start printing after the last page is spooled.

D. Increase the priority of ColorPrinter so that it is higher than all other printers.

uire a large test lab containing many different hardware and software （2）and a staff of several people to manage it. Most small software companies can’t（3）the overhead and expense for maintaining these test labs, so it makes more sense for them to （4） this testing to companies who make it their （5） to perform. configuration and compatibility tests.

（1）A. compact B. compatibility C. compare D. comparison

（2）A. combarloy B. enquiringly C. warehouse D. combinations

（3）A. afford B. consciousness C. imagine D. accord

（4）A. insource B. trade C. outsource D. marketing

（5）A. business B. distribution C. trade D. reject

is receiving more attention. Distribution involves warehousing, transporting and keeping inventory of manufactured products. Take an everyday product like fabric softener. After it comes off the assembly line, it's packed in cartons and trucked to warehouses around the country. When orders come in from retailers, the fabric softener is delivered to supermarket shelves. This is distribution.

Probably the most crucial area for controlling costs is inventory. Companies don't want to overproduce and have unsold stock of their product piled up in warehouses. Wholesale companies and large retail chains employ several techniques for inventory control. This is where the computer revolution really had an impact. Computerized information systems give precise and up-to-date accounts of inventory on hand. And the field of distribution offers good entry-level jobs for persons with training in computer programming or data processing.

Overseeing the whole area of distribution is the distribution manager. This job is becoming increasingly important and can lead to an executive position.

According to the passage, why is the distribution step in marketing getting more attention？

A．It is where companies research and develop new products.

B．It is where companies can cut costs.

C．It is where employees can update their computer skills.

D．It provides jobs for college graduates.