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更多“It’s a 1) ____________ of group development proposed by Bruce Tuckman”相关的问题
What generally happens after a group makes a decision？
A．Some group members regret their decision.
B．At least one group member presents a new idea.
C．As a whole, the group is even more united in its judgment.
D．The popular group members compete for leadership.
In interpreting utterances such as (1) and (2) , the hearer generally treats the events described in the two sentences in each group as causally related even though such relationship is not encoded in the meanings of the sentences. That is, the hearer tends to think that Helen fell on the ground because of Tom s pushing and that the vase broke because it was dropped. Explain why. (1) Tom pushed Helen. Helen fell on the ground. (2) Peter dropped the vase. It broke.
The luxury-goods business has been in despair in hasty succession against a background of a weakening global economy, an enduring slump in Japanese spending, and the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Japanese, who used to buy a third of the world's luxury goods, cut their foreign travel in half after the attacks and tightened their Louis Vuitton purse-strings. At the same time, wealthy Americans stopped flying, which has a dramatic effect on the luxury-goods purveyors of London, Paris and Rome.
At home too, Americans'attitudes to luxury changed, at least temporarily. "Conspicuous abstention" replaced greedy consumerism among the fast-growing, younger breed of newly rich. The decline in job security, the lower bonuses in financial services, and the stock market bust that wiped out much of the paper wealth generated in the late 1990s, bred a new frugality. Sales of expensive jewelry, watches and handbags—the products that make the juiciest profits for the big luxury-goods groups—dropped sharply.
The impact has been most striking among the handful of large, quoted luxury-goods companies. France's Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy (LVMH), the industry leader, issued four profits warnings after September 11th and ended up reporting a 20% decline in operating profit for 2001, after having repeatedly promised its investors double-digit growth; and Italy's Gucci Group, the third largest, announced this week that second-half profits dropped by 33%. Meanwhile, privately held Prada had to postpone its stock market flotation and was forced to sell a recently acquired stake in Fendi, a prestigious Italian bag maker, in order to reduce its debts.
Luxury is an unusual business. A luxury brand cannot be extended indefinitely: if it becomes too common, it is devalued, as Pierre Cardin and Ralph Lauren proved by sticking their labels on everything from T-shirts to paint. Equally, a brand name can be undermined if it is not advertised consistently, or if it is displayed and sold poorly. Sagra Maceira de Rosen, a luxury-goods analyst at J.P. Morgan, argues that, "Luxury companies are primarily retailers. In retailing, the most important thing is execution, and execution is all about management. You may have the best designed product, but if you don't get it into the right kind of shop at the right time, you will fail."
By "Miuccia Prada was obviously biting her nails"(Paragraph 1), the author means
A．Prada is in a desperate situation.
B．Prada is notorious for her hasty execution.
C．Prada is always in her bad habit.
D．Prada is too much engaged in her work.
According to Paragraph 1, we can know that Anglo-American______.
A．would acquire a 40% holding of De Beers
B．mines two-thirds of the world"s diamonds
C．will earn $5.1 billion from Oppenheimer family
D．digs up most of its gems in South America
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.
[A] posing a contrast
[B] justifying an assumption
[C] making a comparison
[D] explaining a phenomenon
Anders Moberg’s pay package—and the timing of its disclosure at a shareholder meeting last week—has confronted Ahold with a new credibility crisis as it struggles to restore confidence after the C=970m ($1 bn) scandal.
The dispute-evident in a sea of critical media comment in the Netherlands at the weekend threatens to divert management from its recovery strategy, built on significant divestments and a likely rights issue to reduce C=11bn in net debt. Units deemed unable to attain first or second position in food retail within three to five years will immediately be put up for sale.
The board’s position appears all the more delicate following comments made by Mr. Moberg to the Financial Times, in which he criticized non-executive directors for ignoring his advice to disclose his salary in May, when he agreed his contract.
Instead Ahold waited more than four months to make the announcement, on the day share-holders were asked to approve Mr. Moberg’s appointment.
“I was the one who said I liked transparency, and I had hoped ［the supervisory board］ had shown ［the salary package］ in May to avoid a situation like this,” Mr. Moberg told the FT.
As the row prompted the left-leaning Dutch Daily to call for a boycott of Ahold’s Dutch Albert Heijn supermarket chain where only last week Ahold announced 440 redundancies—it was clear the supervisory board had badly misjudged the reaction.
While Henny de Ruiter, supervisory board chairman, said the salary was a fair reflection of what a company in Ahold’s unfavorable circumstances had to pay to attract a top manager,furious investors accused it of pushing through the package regardless of investor opinion.
Furthermore, Dutch media commentators noted that the scandal at Ahold had been the trigger for the Dutch government to appoint a commission to strengthen corporate governance.
That commission has recommended a limit on executive bonuses, far below the potential two-and-a-half times annual salary that Mr. Moberg could earn.
Meanwhile, Mr. Moberg is trying to distance himself from the row and focus on strategy. He told the FT that measures had already been taken to raise its stake in the ICA-Ahold joint venture in Scandinavia.
Ahold had included in its forecasts an amount necessary to buy the shares of either of its joint venture partners, who should exercise a “put option” and sell their stake from April 2004.
第36题：The decision on Anders Moberg’s pay package has _____.
［A］ incurred much criticism from the shareholders
［B］ helped restore public confidence in Ahold
［C］ saved the supervisory board from another crisis
［D］ put pressure on the new chief executive
(c) At 1 June 2006, Router held a 25% shareholding in a film distribution company, Wireless, a public limited
company. On 1 January 2007, Router sold a 15% holding in Wireless thus reducing its investment to a 10%
holding. Router no longer exercises significant influence over Wireless. Before the sale of the shares the net asset
value of Wireless on 1 January 2007 was $200 million and goodwill relating to the acquisition of Wireless was
$5 million. Router received $40 million for its sale of the 15% holding in Wireless. At 1 January 2007, the fair
value of the remaining investment in Wireless was $23 million and at 31 May 2007 the fair value was
$26 million. (6 marks)
Required:
Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended
31 May 2007.Required:
Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended
31 May 2007.
Why is (1) fun？What de lights may itS practitioner expect as his reward？ First is the sheer joy of making things. As the child delights in his mud pie, so the adult enjoys building things, especially things of his own design. Second is the pleasure of making things that are useful to other people. Third is the fascination of fashioning complex puzzle-like objects of interlocking moving parts and watching them work in subtle cycles, playing out the consequences of principles built in from the beginning. Fourth is the joy of always learning, which springs from the (2) nature of the task. In one way or another the problem is ever new, and its solver learns something: sometimes (3), sometimes theoretical, and sometimes both. Finally, there is the delight of working in such a tractable medium. The (4), like the poet, works only slightly removed from pure thought-stuff. Few media of creation are so flexible, so easy to polish and rework, so readily capable of realizing grand conceptual structures.
Yet the program (5), unlike the poet's words, is real in the sense that it moves and works, producing visible outputs separate from the construct itself. It prints results, draws pictures, produces sounds, moves arms. Programming then is fun because it gratifies creative longings built deep within us and delights sensibilities we have in common with all men.
(1)
A．programming
B．composing
C．working
D．writing
Mott's thoughts are echoed in the brochures of universities and colleges around the world which offer programs in hotel management. IMHI: Institute de Management hotelier International in France, whose graduate programs are administered by two prestigious institutions—Cornell University and Group ESSEC—concurs, "The hospitality industry continues to internationalize its market and its development. "
"By the year 2000, business forecasts predict that the hospitality industry will be the largest business in the world. This tremendous growth will offer the properly trained management candidate an unlimited opportunity for success," writes the Hotel Consult SHCC Colleges, which has schools in Switzerland, the United States and Australia.
Hotel management provides a practical, interdisciplinary education. Students who have been well educated in hotel management, whatever the area of concentration, can market their skills universally. Dr. Roy Wood, department head of the Scottish Hotel School at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland—one of the United Kingdom's premier hotel management programs—emphasizes that, "graduates from hospitality programs are very attractive to other industries. "
Most hotel management curriculums offer a range of major area courses, including food and beverage management, culinary theory and practice, hotel development and planning, restaurant management and hotel operations. As with most business schools, the majority of the course-work will be fulfilled in required courses for management, accounting, marketing and economics. Additionally, students may take elective courses in chemistry, environmental science, information technology, psychology, sociology, writing and languages.
Courses vary by length, credentials earned, focus and language of instruction. Many European undergraduate programs last from 24 to 30 months and award a diploma upon graduation. IHTTI in Neuchatel, Switzerland offers a three-year degree program in conjunction with the University of Bournemouth. University courses take three or four years to complete, usually earning the student a Bsc. Graduate schools require a one-to-two-year commitment.
Hotel management programs are widely available in Europe and North America, yet virtually non-existent elsewhere. For this reason, these programs attract a culturally diverse student body. In some cases, 95% of the students are foreign born. At HOSTA, in Switzerland, the students are expatriates from 40 nations.
While English and French are the most common languages on campus, as well as within the hospitality industry, students are encouraged to learn several languages to enhance their careers.
"Each (educational host) country has its strengths," explains Roy Wood, "For example, Switzerland is recognized for producing graduates who are strong in food, beverage and accommodation management and the United States is known for its expertise in operations. "
Switzerland has long been regarded as the traditional seat of the hospitality industry. No list of preeminent hotel schools would omit the Ecole Hoteliere de Lausanne which began as a school for children whose families were in the hotel business. It would also include: Center International; the Swiss Hotel Association Hotel Management School, " Les Roches "; the SCHHs Institute Hotelier "Cesar" Ri
The new body—temporarily named 2003UB313—orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It is currently over 14 billion kilometres away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered in the solar system. The researchers think it is part of the Kuiper belt, a ring of rocky objects that extends beyond Neptune.
Mike Brown of the California Institute of Technology, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory and David Rabino witz of Yale University discovered the object in data recorded at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego in October 2003, but its motion did not become apparent until they reanalysed the data in January 2005.
The question of whether or not the new body should be considered a planet has rekindled the de bate over what exactly counts as a planet. A handful of objects of similar size to, but smaller than, Pluto have been discovered in the Kuiper belt over the past few years. These have not been considered planets, mainly because they were smaller than Pluto. But 2003UB313 is larger than Pluto. If Pluto is a planet, shouldn't it be as well？
The case is not so clear cut. Many astronomers argue that Pluto should not be considered a plan et. It is more like a large asteroid, they hold. Meanwhile, Dr. Brown asserts that as Pluto has historically been considered a planet, anything larger should also be considered one.
Ultimately, the International Astronomical Union, a group of professional astronomers, will end this existential anxiety. Dr. Brown expects the process to take months, and the team is not allowed to reveal its suggested name until then. Since most Greek and Roman names have already been used, he and his colleagues have previously drawn upon Native American and Inuit mythology for names. He will only hint that the new name comes from a different tradition altogether.
Time will tell whether mother will be serving "nine polished xylophones", "nine pizzas" or just "noodles".
The first sentence in Paragraph 1 is used by American school children because
A．it represents typical American culture.
B．it represents nine planets in the solar system.
C．it is often used in teaching astronomy.
D．it is a good example of mnemonics.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： The Canadian Thanksgiving makes an interesting counterpoint to the holiday celebrated by its southern neighbor. As mentioned earlier, the first North American thanksgiving event occurred in Newfoundland in 1578. In the 1600s, Samuel de Champlain and the French Settlers who came with him established an "Order of Good Cheer." This group would hold huge celebrations marking the harvests and other events, sharing their food with Native American neighbours.
The first Canadian Thanksgiving was celebrated on April 15,1872 in thanks for the recovery of the future King Edward VII from a serious illness. The next Thanksgiving didn't occur until 1879 when it was celebrated on a Thursday in November.
Much like the United States, Canada seemed to have a difficult time deciding when a day of Thanksgiving should occur. From 1879 to 1898 it was celebrated on a Thursday in November; from 1899 to 1907 on a Thursday in October (except in 1901 and 1904 when it was celebrated on a Thursday in November); from 1908 to 1921 on a Monday in October; and between 1922 and 1930 the Armistice Day Act declared that Thanksgiving would be celebrated on Armistice Day, the Monday of November 11. In 1931 the Act was amended and the 01d practice of Parliament declaring a day of Thanks. giving each year was resumed.
(27)
A．1678 in Newfoundland.
B．1378 in Newfoundland.
C．1578 in Newfoundland.
D．1778 in Newfoundland.
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