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提问人：网友文旻昊 发布时间：2022-09-21
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During sleep,the fatigue (疲劳) of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复) begins.The tired mind gathers new energy.Once awake,the memory improves,and annoyance and problems are seen in a better perspective.Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four.Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and,as they grow older,the amount gradually diminishes.Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten.A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten,whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight.Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep.Napoleon,Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.Whatever your individual need,you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years.By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine:a favorite hour,a favorite bed,a favorite position,and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep.Several people have reached more than 115 hours ?nearly five days,whereas animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion.The limit for human beings is probably about a week.1.According to the passage,the sleeping routine will be built at the age of（）.A、10B、20C、30D、402.The amount of sleep required（）.A、varies greatly from individual to individualB、depends on an individual's ageC、relates to an individual's occupationD、all of the above.3.From the amount of sleep Napoleon,Edison and Darwin required,we can infer that（）.A、they were famous great menB、they were executive workersC、they were intelligent peopleD、they were involved in mentally demanding work4.From animal experiments,we can conclude that the final result of the lack of sleep is probably （）.A、mental illnessB、mental breakdownC、susceptibility to illnessD、death5.The writer implies that（）.A、sleep is important for good mental and physical healthB、a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleepC、memory is improved during sleepD、sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings

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更多“During sleep,the fatigue (疲劳) of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复) begins.The tired mind gat…”相关的问题
第1题
During the winter sleep, black bears always______.A．sleep like other woodland animalsB．kee

During the winter sleep, black bears always______.

A．sleep like other woodland animals

B．keep their normal temperature

C．breathe regularly nine times per minute

D．live on body fat

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第2题
What keeps animals alive during hibernation（）

A．The fat stored in their bodies

B．Their thick fur

C．Their warm burrows

D．Their deep sleep

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第3题
根据下面内容，回答题： Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May! Well， marmot

根据下面内容，回答题：

Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May! Well， marmots and ground squirrels stay warm by sleeping all winter. All this time， they do not wake up once. This special kind of sleep is called hibernation. During this sleep， the heart slows down， and the animal breathes more slowly， it doesn"t move around， so it uses less energy.

Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world. They need special talents to survive in these frigid places. Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero. It often gets this cold in the Arctic， a land that is just below the North Pole.

Before the long winter， some animals eat and eat. After a while， they grow very fat. When the winter comes， they live on the fat saved up in their bodies. Layers of fat keep an animal warm.

Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold. Rabbits in the Arctic， for example， have very small ears. Small ears keep heat in， while big ears let it out. Small things usually keep heat in.

Have you ever slept in a room that is very small， and noticed how hot it can get？

It rarely gets warm in the Arctic. But although summer seasons there are very short， the sun shines brightly. Plants seem to spring up before your eyes! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer， when they can eat fresh grass again. Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives.

A good title for this passage would be_________. 查看材料

A.the Arctic Summer

B.Marmots and Squirrels

C.Keeping Warm in the Arctic

D.Freezing Temperatures

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第4题
[A] Not only did the babies get longer when they s...

[A] Not only did the babies get longer when they slept more, they also got heavier — particularly gaining fat around the abdomen. “The results demonstrate empirically that growth spurts not only occur during sleep but are significantly influenced by sleep,” said Lampl in a statement. Baby boys tended to nap more frequently than girls, but slept for shorter bursts, the researchers found. And breast-fed babies also took more frequent, shorter naps than formula-fed infants. [B] The association wasn’t perfect — not every shift in sleep pattern was associated with a growth spurt, and vice versa — but it was significant. The finding should help ease some parents’ anxiety about their infants’ problematic sleep. “Sleep irregularities can be distressing to parents,” said Lampl. “However, these findings give babies a voice that helps parents understand them and show that seemingly erratic sleep behavior is a normal part of development. Babies really aren’t trying to be difficult.” [C] The study’s lead author, Michelle Lampl, professor of anthropology at Emory University, and colleagues asked 23 sets of parents to keep daily sleep logs of their newborns (average age 12 days) for four to 17 months. They detailed their children’s sleep onset and waking patterns, as well as whether they were breast-fed or formula-fed, and whether they ever developed signs of illness like vomiting, rash, fever and diarrhea. [D] Although the study did not elucidate exactly how sleep affects growth — the authors theorized that changes in hormonal signals during sleep may boost the secretion of growth hormones — it adds to the evidence that sleep carries important biological functions. [E] They found that when babies’ sleep patterns shifted — when the infants began taking more naps or slept more overall — it was typically followed by a growth spurt. Specifically, babies were 43% more likely to experience a growth spurt for each additional nap they took, and 20% more likely to grow for each additional hour of sleep they got during these sleep peaks. On average, babies’ growth-associated sleep patterns resulted in about 4.5 hours more sleep per day over two days, and three extra naps. [F] If you’ve ever been frustrated by your baby’s irregular sleep patterns, take heart. A new study suggests that erratic bursts of sleep may correspond to growth spurts. [G] The researchers measured the infants’ length often — anywhere from daily to twice a week — and cross-referenced their growth with parents’ sleep records. Order: F→ 1.———→2.———→3.———→4.———→5.———→D 1. Sequencing 1.

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第5题
根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。 How Animals Keep Warm Man has invented ways to keep wa

根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。

How Animals Keep Warm

Man has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend themselves？ They cannot reason in the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts (本能). One of these instincts is known as hibernation (冬眠).

"Sleeping like a dormouse （榛睡鼠) is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state. They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive. Safe in their nests, or burrows-(地洞), they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.

Bats, tortoises, snakes, frogs, even insects like butterflies, hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels (松鼠), sleep during coldest weather but are roused(弄醒) by a warm spell (暖流). During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically. Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.

Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans, seagulls, swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles, twice a year, to avoid cold. Many animals, especially those of the Arctic regions, have summer and winter quarters. The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer (驯鹿) of Europe, move southward towards the forests when winter approaches. They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.

There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold. Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow, made it soft and warm by padding (填塞）out with straw, leaves, moss and fur. In it they have a "secret place" containing food which they hope will last the winter through! Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox, the rabbit and the little field-mouse.

第 31 题 How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter？

A．It moves about to keep warm.

B．It grows thicker fur.

C．It stores fat before hibernation.

D．It goes to warmer areas.

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第6题
听力原文：There are new findings that people with inadequate sleep are likely to gain weigh

听力原文： There are new findings that people with inadequate sleep are likely to gain weight. Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger.

In one study, researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin examined information on more than one thousand people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.

Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And they had fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.

The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight.

Researchers found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is seven-point-seven hours a night.

Researchers at the University of Chicago did a smaller study. They found that people who slept just four hours a night for two nights had an eighteen percent reduction in leptin. And they had a twenty-eight percent increase in ghrelin. The young men in that study also appeared to want more sweet and starchy foods.

Researchers from Columbia University in New York did a third study. They found that people who got less than four hours of sleep a night were seventy-three percent more likely to be overweight. This was compared to people with seven to nine hours of sleep. The researchers say that for survival, the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.

According to the passage, how many universities in the United States took part in the study？

A．Four.

B．Three.

C．Five.

D．Six.

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第7题
Why would anyone want to set aside a day to honor a lowly little groundhog？ The answer to
that question is not certain, but a group of people get together every February 2 in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to watch Punxsutawney "Pete" leave his burrow. What "Pete" does next, many believe, will indicate whether spring is just around the comer or a long way off, You see, in Pennsylvania on this date there is usually a great deal of snow on the ground, and the little animal has been hibernating during the long, cold winter. He gorged himself during the autumn months and then went into his burrow for a long sleep, his body fat helping keep him alive. But as he emerges on February 2, he looks very thin. If the sun is shining brightly and he sees his shadow, according to legend, it scares him back into his home where he will stay another six weeks. Should it be cloudy and gray, the little animal will supposedly wander While many believe in the groundhog's predictions, it is unwise to accept them as factual.

According to this reading, why do people gather every year to observe the groundhog？

A．He's cute and playful, and children love to watch him.

B．He's looking for food and the people want to help him find it in the snow.

C．Many people believe him to be a harbinger of spring.

D．The people want to be sure he is alive after such a long winter.

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第8题
根据以下内容回答题:Man has invented ways to keep walqTl，but how do animals defend themselv
es？They can not reason in the sense that a man can，but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts．One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）． “Sleeping like a dormouse”is not only a common saying but is a reality．When winter comes，the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state．They eat very well in warmer days laying downy fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hiberna- tion this keeps them alive．Safe in their nests，or burrows，they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives． Bats，tortoises，snakes，frogs，even insects like butterflies，hibernate more or less eom-pletely．Some，like the squirrels，sleep during coldest weather but are roused by a waYnl spells．During hibernation，the temperature of an animal’S body drops drastically．Breathing and heart．beats almost cease． Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration．Wild swans，seagulls，swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles，twice a year，to avoid cold．Many animals，especially those of the Arctic regions，have summer and winter quarters．The Arctic deer of North America；as well as the reindeer of Europe，move southward towards the forests when winter approaches．They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed． There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold．Their in—stinctive means of defence is to dig out a deep burrow，made soft and waYin by padding out with straw，1eaves，moss and fur．In it they have a“secret place”containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which faU into this clhss include the Arctic fox，the rabbit ana the ermine，and the little field-mice．

How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter？

A.It moves about to keep warlTl．

B.It grows thicker fur．

C.It sleeps continuously．

D.It goes to warmer areas.

点击查看答案
第9题
FatAdult fat rates have almost quadrupled in the last 25 years. Not 22% of Britons are fat

Fat

Adult fat rates have almost quadrupled in the last 25 years. Not 22% of Britons are fat and three-quarters are overweight. The number of fat tripled in 20 years. 10% of six year olds are fat, rising to 17% of 15 year olds. Becoming fat can lead to health problems, including arthritis, heart disease and diabetes;

What is Fat？

Your "body mass index" or BMI is a measure of, body fat based on height and weight.

A BMI of:

Under 20 = underweight

20 - 25 = normal

25 - 30 = overweight

30 + = fat

So, according to the formula, people are classed as fat if they have a body mass index over 30. They are overweight if it is 25 - 30.

Reasons to Get Fat

Fat functions as energy reservoir. It is 1aid down when food is plentiful and then converted back to energy when needed. Normal levels of fat are not a problem for the body. In fact, they're necessary for it to function smoothly.

On a basic level, people become fat when their caloric intake is higher than their calorie expenditure. However, a host of factors complicate this picture. An individual's genetics, metabolism, culture and lifestyle. all have a role to play.

Where is Fat Stored in the Body？

Most fat is stored under the skin. But there is also some on top of your kidneys and inside your liver and muscles. Other body parts that gather fat depend on your gender:

•adult men: chest, waist

•adult women: breasts, waist and hips

Fat tissue is made up of fat cells. These are like tiny plastic bags that hold droplets of fat. Fat cells are only formed in our childhood. They start growing while we are in our mothers' pregnancy. The next stage of generation is during puberty (青春期), when the sex hormones are triggered. It defines the areas in which the fat cells grow. The amount of fat the body wants to store is thought to be proportional to the total number of fat cells.

After puberty, we do not grow any more fat cells. Our ceils just expand or shrink to accommodate the fat inside our bodies.

The problem with Childhood Fat

If a child becomes fat their body processes can change. Some of these may Be difficult or even impossible to alter in adulthood.

Fat ceils are laid down in the first few years of life. If fat is stored quickly, more fat cells are created. So a fat child can have up to three times as many as a normal child. Eventually, fat cells stop multiplying and an adult has a fixed number for the rest of their life. The existing cells simply enlarge or shrink to accommodate more fat.

Health problems for kids — Few health problems are observed in obsess children. But they may develop conditions that cause problems later in life, such as high blood pressure.

They may also suffer from "sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停)". When this happens, soft tissue in the throat blocks the airways during sleep. This can stop their breathing for up to a minute. This process can happen hundreds of times a night, leading to heart disease, memory problems, headaches and fatigue.

Diabetes risk Some fat children may develop type Ⅱ diabetes. Normally this condition only starts much later in life. When it strikes, the body stops being able to process sugar properly and the cells are starved of energy. Type Ⅱ diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be treated. It may lead to complications such as nerve damage, heart disease, kidney disease and blindness. Children with this condition will have to live with it all their lives, increasing the chance of complications.

What Treatments Are Available？

New drugs — Current weigh-loss drugs are mainly amphetamine (安非他明，一种药品) based. They increase the amount of some hormones in the blood, lowering hunger levels. However, they are not s

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题
Obesity Epidemic Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will say that it's a

Obesity Epidemic

Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will say that it's all down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That is undoubtedly true. But it's also true that we live in an "obesogenic (肥胖基因的) environment": calorific food is plentiful and cheap and our lifestyles are increasingly sedentary.

Now, obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with such explanations. They believe that something else must have changed in our environment to cause such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the "big two" -- reduced physical activity and increased availability of food -- are not important contributors to the epidemic. But they cannot explain it all.

Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 9 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.

Not Enough Sleep

It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat？

Several large epidemiological studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses Health Study found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than those who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than those who slept 7.

It's well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses' study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may cause weight gain. One factor that could be at work here is the way sleep deprivation alters metabolism (新陈代谢). Leptin, the hormone that signals satiety (过饱), falls while ghrelin, which signals hunger, rises -- and this boosts appetite.

Climate Control

We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of what's going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy.

There's no denying that surrounding temperatures have changed in the past few decades. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23 to 47 per cent between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states -- where obesity rates tend to be highest -- the number of houses with air con has shot up to 70 per cent from 37 per cent in 1978.

Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight？ Sadly, there is some evidence that it does -- at least with regard to heating.

Less Smoking

Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.

Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were-much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked. Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were Overweight compared with 37 per cent of nonsmokers and only 28 per cent of smokers.

Prenatal Effects

Your chances of becoming fat may be set, at least in part, before you are even born. Children of

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第11题
The taste of sourness has one of the following functions _____________.

A、to restrain one's appetite

B、to make one fat

C、to neutralize fishy odor

D、to enhance one's sleep

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