题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.positions
B.rituals
C.beliefs
D.value
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更多“Religion is a system of shared _________________ that are concerned with the realm of”相关的问题
As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word "mechanism" means______.
A．parts of an organism or system which work together
B．racial group united by language, religion, customs, etc.
C．the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole
D．a worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools
A．Professional jurors will be more reliable than amateur jurors because they will not attempt to avoid jury duty.
B．Professional jurors will not be burdened by the biases against race, gender, and religion that amateur jurors bring into the courtroom.
C．Dealing with criminals in a way that gets results requires an understanding of the criminal mind.
D．No amount of professional training can impart the perspective of the criminal mind necessary to run an effective criminal justice system.
E．Jurors possessing the perspective to understand the criminal mind are unfit to serve on a jury, because they are likely to be criminals.
1. The relative social position of someone in a group or in society is referred to as a ___________ . A) role B) status C) neither of the above 2. Which of the following statements is true？ A) Social group membership usually gives us a set of statuses and role tags that make it more difficult for people to know what to expect from each other. B) It is common for people to have multiple overlapping statuses and roles. C) neither of the above 3. In the Indian caste system, which of the following is the highest ranking one？ A) Scheduled castes B) Vaishya C) Brahman 4. Which of the following statements is true？ A) Laws making it a crime to hire relatives would most likely be enacted in societies that emphasize ascribed statuses over achieved ones. B) Some societies emphasize either ascribed or achieved statuses and demphasize the other. C) Membership in an Indian caste is an achieved status. 5. Which of the following statements is true concerning the caste system inIndiatoday？ A) Underlying and constantly reinforcing this system of rigid social classes is the Hindu religion and its concept of ritual pollution. B) Indian restaurants usually have chefs who are from the lowest castes because cooking is a polluting occupation. C) The Indian national government has made no attempt to encourage achieved status by outlawing any part of the the caste system. 6. Which of the following statements is true of castes？ A) They exist only inIndia. B) They exist inIndiaand Europe but not in North America. C) They exist in many countries of the world.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each kind of goods and services should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by government, shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example or complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional, society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group Of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve, a stagnant society may result.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To outline contrasting types of economic system.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
At the same time the works of John Locke were becoming known in America. John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or "social contract" voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Taking it out of the realm of social theory, they made it a reality and formed a nation.
It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans' minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.
Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however, that, as the Declaration of Independence states, "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable fights," and that "the laws of Nature and Nature's God" entitled them to form. a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion.
The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. The United States would have no state-supported religion. In this way, those men who formulated the principal tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that diversity of religious belief would never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.
The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. But did it mean that government would be religiously neutral, treating all religions alike？
In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes in the United States. Presidents and other political leaders often call on God to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform. other services instead of becoming soldiers. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief—not even a belief in God—as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.
The truth is that for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposes it treats all religions alike—at least as far as is practical. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.
What is the Great Awakening？
A．To cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups or denomination.
B．A revival movement of seeking to breathe new feeling and strength into religion.
C．To live side by side in relative harmony.
D．To spread religious idea to other countries.
2 In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
3 An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
4 In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition；every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
A.To outline contrasting types of economy．
B.To explain the science of economics．
C.To argue for the superiority of one economics．
D.To compare barter and money exchange markets．
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not al ways be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases trans actions considerably. In the modem market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all trans actions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to. how much of each goods and services should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: parentage, religion, and custom fix every person's place within the economic system. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economics systems.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each goods and services should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: parentage, religion, and custom fix every person's place within the economic system. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as market system, the administered system and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person's place within the economy system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too People belonging to a certain group may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, agree for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
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