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提问人：网友whywhyd 发布时间：2022-01-06

[主观题]

More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fac

t that marriage itself is alive and【B1】. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people:【B2】to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age.【B3】, after a decline in the early 1970s, the【B4】of marriage in the United States is now【B5】. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of【B6】individuals remarry.【B7】, marriage remains by far the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our remarry.

What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the【B8】American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children.【B9】, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at【B10】some of the children are from the wife's【B11】marriage, or the husband's, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the【B12】marriage;【B13】they are shared between the two former parents.

Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages【B14】children; marriages with children from only the【B15】marriage; marriages with "full time" children from both the present and former marriage;【B16】with "full-time" children from the present marriage and "part time" children from former marriages. It is not all that【B17】for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are【B18】changes from the traditional nuclear family.【B19】even so, even in the midst of all this,【B20】one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.

【B1】

A．surviving

B．thriving

C．booming

D．existing

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更多“More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fac”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：Among western rich countries, people in the United States work the longest hours.

听力原文： Among western rich countries, people in the United States work the longest hours. They work much longer than those in Europe. This difference is quite surprising because productivity per hour worked is the same in the United States as it is in France, Spain and Germany, and it is growing at a similar speed.

In most countries and at most times in history，as people have become richer they have chosen to work less. In other words, they have decided to "spend" a part of their extra income on a fuller personal life. Over the last fifty years Europeans have continued this pattern, and hours of work have fallen sharply. But not in the United States. We do not fully know why this is. One reason may be more satisfying work, or less satisfying personal lives.

Longer hours do of course increase the GDP. So the United States has produced more per worker than, say, France. The United States also has more of its people at work, while in France many more mothers and older workers have decided to stay at home. The overall result is that American GDP per head is 40% higher than in France, even though productivity per hour worked is the same.

It is not clear which of the two situations is better. As we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in interest. It is too early to explain the different trends in happiness over time in different countries. But it is a disappointing idea that in the United States happiness has made no progress since 1975, while it has risen in Europe．Could this have anything to do with trends in the work-life balance？

32. What do we know about the speaker from the passage？

33.Which country has more of its people at work？

34.What message can we get from the passage？

35.Which would be the best title for the passage？

(33)

A．He thinks neither of the work patterns is good.

B．He believes that longer working hours is better.

C．He prefers shorter working hours to longer ones.

D．He says nothing certain about which pattern is better.

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第2题

This is the most surprising thing about it. It is ______ than anything.

A、most surprising

B、more surprising

C、more surprised

D、most surprised

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第3题

How to approach Reading Test Part Two&8226;In this part of the Reading Test you read a tex

How to approach Reading Test Part Two

&8226;In this part of the Reading Test you read a text with gaps in it, and choose the best sentence to fill each gap from a set of eight sentences.

&8226;First read the text for overall meaning, then go back and look for the best sentence for each gap.

&8226;Make sure the sentence fits both the meaning and the grammar of the text around the gap.

&8226;Read the text on the opposite page from an article about how a company reduced its transport costs.

&8226;Choose the best sentence from below to fill each of the gaps.

&8226;For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter (A - H) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.

Route to big delivery savings

There are few areas left within the world's largest businesses where one close look can deliver instant savings of 1 per cent of sales. For Rhodia, the chemicals arm of French conglomerate Rh6ne-Poulenc, scrutiny of the company's transport costs in the UK led to just such savings. Management consultants A.T. Kearney were commissioned to review the company's operations. They scoured order books, invoices and transport logs at the company's fourteen UK sites. some transport they could not account for at all Surprising as it may seem, there were simply no records.

A.T. Kearney's initial survey found that transport accounted for 10 per cent of the company's traceable spending in the UK, and that during a 12-month period, 235 different hauliers had moved products for the company. The company were also running a 30-strong fleet of their own. (9) In a more positive light, though, they meant that the opportunity to improve was huge.

Transport buying was being dictated by the backgrounds of the buyers, rather than rational criteria. (10) Instead, they were typically former drivers or site workers who bought transport from a network of contacts built up over many years.

Even where buyers were seeking tile cheapest transport, their task was complicated by numerous different tariffs for different measures. For A.T. Kearney, the solution lay in a comprehensive, standardised tendering process. During the following weeks, all the company's existing suppliers, Rhodia's own fleet, and others were invited to tender for business. (11) Modelling of these responses began: what if this part of the business was given to X, and this part to Y - what does it do to costs？

Rhodia then went back to the most promising applicants and offered them deals for packages of business. (12) In this way the company ensured that they got the best possible arrangement. Inevitably, this process favoured large suppliers. (13) For example, a driver with his own lorry, who had been transporting goods for the company for years, submitted a tender. A sub- contracting arrangement was made for him with one of the final suppliers.

Today, Rhodia have five main hauliers, who account for 90 per cent of the company's transport spending. All rates are standardised: the whole system is a very simple one. But perhaps the most extraordinary outcome from this monumental number-crunching exercise was the bottom line impact. (14) The new set-up has delivered savings of more than 25 per cent. And the company is confident of achieving even more savings.

A Before the review, transport was eating up 3 per cent of the company's UK sales revenue.

B Nevertheless, the situation was not helped by the fragmented nature of the haulage industry.

C More than 60 did so, and their quotes were then analysed.

D Among the terms they included in these contracts were requirements for improvements in costs, flexibility and reliability.

E None had come into lo

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第4题

TV Commercials and Print AdsDespite the fact that advertisers spend ＄ 44 billion on the ma

TV Commercials and Print Ads

Despite the fact that advertisers spend ＄ 44 billion on the major television networks and cable TV advertising, a new study show that consumers think print ads more entertaining and less offensive than television commercials. They study, conducted by Video Storyboard Tests in New York, showed that more consumers considered prints ads "artistic" and "enjoyable".

The 2, 000 consumers surveyed blasted TV ads compared to their print counterparts: 34 percent of respondents thought print ads were artistic, compared with 15 percent for television ads; 35 per cent thought print ads were enjoyable, compared to 13 percent for television; and, most surprising, 33 percent of consumers felt print ads were entertaining, compared to only 18 percent for TV ads. Much of the artistic impact and positive reaction to print ads comes from the illustrations used. The illustration is primary in creating the mood for a print ad, which ultimately affects consumers' feelings about the image of the brand.

While the study's sponsors were somewhat surprised by the survey results, some industry executives felt that print ads were finally getting the credit they deserve. Richard Kirshenbaum, chair and chief creative officer of Kirshenbaum, Bond & Partners, a New York advertising and public relations firm, is one such believer. In fact, Kirshenbaum says that when he looks to hire a person for a creative position in his agency, "I always look at the print book first because I think it is harder to come up with a great idea on a single piece of paper. "

But as impressed as computers say they are by the aesthetics (美学)and style. of print ads, televisions executives (as you might expect )dismiss the findings. One network official said, "Nothing will replace the reach and magnitude of an elaborately produced television spot. TV ads get talked about. Print ads don't. "

The sponsors of the concerned study are______.

A．advertisers

B．Video Story Tests

C．television executives

D．not specified

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第5题

It is refreshing to see an international organization not only subjecting itself to critic

ism but also publishing the results. A report published today by the International Development Association which lends on highly concessionary terms to the poorest countries, deserves credit on both counts. But the reasons for producing this sizeable document say as much about the crisis facing aid agencies as they do about the recipients of aid.

In the nature of things the document is self-justificatory. It would be curious indeed for a group of international civil servants enjoying substantial tax-free salaries to recommend their own disbandment.The report concludes that without IDA, the situation in the world's poorest countries "would have been even worse, and the needs today even greater".

Leaving aside whether one can say what would have happened otherwise, there is no doubt that in the 22 years since its inception IDA has been diligent. It has committed $27,000m to 1,302 projects in 78 countries. This year disbursements will be about $2,100m, despite the argument over IDA’s funding which has left it with less money than expected.

All of these considerable sums have gone to the poorest countries on generous terms. No country with a per capita income of more than $730 is eligible for IDA assistance, and in 1980 no less than 80 percent of net disbursements were to countries with per capita incomes of only $410. When incomes are so desperately low, it is not surprising that the terms allow repayment over 50 years without interest.

Nevertheless, as IDA candidly admits, measuring the effectiveness of such aid is difficult. It insists that projects must pay for themselves. In effect, the rate of return must provide the borrowing government with revenue to meet its obligations or else the loan becomes a subsidy.

The word "counts" (line 4) in this passage refers to______

A．the considerable sums which have gone to the poorest countries

B．IDA submitting itself to an evaluation and making the results known

C．the reasons for producing the sizeable document

D．the generous terms that IDA has offered

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第6题

Read a text about 'Wind Power in the US' and answe...

Read a text about 'Wind Power in the US' and answer some questions. Wind Power in the US Prompted by the oil crises of the 1970s, a wind-power industry flourished briefly in the United States. But then world oil prices dropped, and funding for research into renewable energy was cut. By the mid 1980s US interest in wind energy as a large-scale source of energy had almost disappeared. The development of wind power at this time suffered not only from badly designed equipment, but also from poor long-term planning, economic projections that were too optimistic and the difficulty of finding suitable locations for the wind turbines. Only now are technological advances beginning to offer hope that wind power will come to be accepted as a reliable and important source of electricity. There have been significant successes in California, in particular, where wind farms now have a capacity of 1500 megawatts, comparable to a large nuclear or fossil-fuelled power station, and produce 1.5 per cent of the state’s electricity. Nevertheless, in the US, the image of wind power is still distorted by early failures. One of the most persistent criticisms is that wind power is not a significant energy resource. Researchers at the Battelle Northwest Laboratory, however, estimate that today wind turbine technology could supply 20 per cent of the electrical power the country needs. As a local resource, wind power has even greater potential. Minnesota’s energy commission calculates that a wind farm on one of the state’s south western ridges could supply almost all that state’s electricity. North Dakota alone has enough sites suitable for wind farms to supply more than a third of all electricity consumed in the continental US. The prevailing notion that wind power is too costly results largely from early research which focused on turbines with huge blades that stood hundreds of metres tall. These machines were not designed for ease of production or maintenance, and they were enormously expensive. Because the major factors influencing the overall cost of wind power are the cost of the turbine and its supporting systems, including land, as well as operating and maintenance costs, it is hardly surprising that it was thought at the time that wind energy could not be supplied at a commercially competitive price. More recent developments such as those seen on California wind farms have dramatically changed the economic picture for wind energy. These systems, like installations in Hawaii and several European countries, have benefited from the economies of scale that come through standardised manufacturing and purchasing. The result has been a dramatic drop in capital costs: the installed cost of new wind turbines stood at $1000 per kilowatt in 1993, down from about $4000 per kilowatt in 1980, and continues to fall. Design improvements and more efficient maintenance programs for large numbers of turbines have reduced operating costs as well. The cost of electricity delivered by wind farm turbines has decreased from about 30 cents per kilowatt-hour to between 7 and 9 cents, which is generally less than the cost of electricity from conventional power stations. Reliability has also improved dramatically. The latest turbines run more than 95 per cent of the time, compared with around 60 per cent in the early 1980s. Another misconception is that improved designs are needed to make wind power feasible. Out of the numerous wind turbine designs proposed or built by inventors or developers, the propeller-blade type, which is based on detailed analytical models as well as extensive experimental data, has emerged as predominant among the more than 20,000 machines now in commercial operation world-wide. Like the gas-driven turbines that power jet aircraft, these are sophisticated pieces of rotating machinery. They are already highly efficient, and there is no reason to believe that other configurations will produce major benefits. Like other ways of generating electricity, wind power does not leave the environment entirely unharmed. There are many potential problems, ranging from interference with telecommunications to impact on wildlife and natural habitats. But these effects must be balanced against those associated with other forms of electricity generation. Conventional power stations impose hidden costs on society, such as the control of air pollution, the management of nuclear waste and global warming. As wind power has been ignored in the US over the past few years, expertise and commercial exploitation in the field have shifted to Europe. The European Union spends 10 times as much as the US government on research and development of wind energy. It estimates that at least 10 per cent of Europe’s electrical power could be supplied by land-based wind-turbines using current technology. Indeed, according to the American Wind Energy Association, an independent organisation based in Washington, Denmark, Britain, Spain and the Netherlands will each surpass the US in the generating capacity of wind turbines installed during the rest of the decade. 1 Which one of the statements is true？

A、Cost was a big factor in preventing the development of wind power

B、Wind power can provide enough electricty for the United States

C、Some US states are powered solely by wind

D、Wind power has developed steadily since the 1970s.

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第7题

Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane （甲烷，沼气) for decades

Plant Gas

Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane (甲烷，沼气) for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家) at the Max Planek Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.

Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.

In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.

With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C..At 30 degrees C., they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.

Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled (增加三倍) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.

Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it's unlikely that the types of bacteria(bacterium 的复数，细菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.

The new finding is an "interesting observation," says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence, she notes.

What was scientists' understanding of methane？

A．It was produced from plants.

B．It was not a greenhouse gas.

C．It was produced in oxygen-free environments.

D．It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.

点击查看答案

第8题

请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。 Passage 2Results showed that at least a tenth of the Harvard fi

请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。

Passage 2

Results showed that at least a tenth of the Harvard first-year undergraduates polled admitted to having cheated on an exam prior to starting at the university， while almost half admitted to cheating on their homework. An anonymous survey by Harvard"s newspaper has revealed a surprising pattern of academic dishonesty among students entering the US universities.

The survey by The Harvard Crimson was emailed to the incoming first year undergraduates;1，600 students responded. Results showed that at least a tenth of the students polled admitted to having cheated on an exam prior to starting at the university， while almost half admitted to cheating on their homework.

Athletes were apparently the most prone to cheating. 20 percent of students who played a university sport admitted to cheating on an exam compared to 9 percent of students who did not.

The survey also revealed that men were not only more likely to cheat but were also more likely to admit to it.

The results， compared to a previous survey done on the class of 2013， suggested that cheating may be becoming more commonplace. Of the outgoing seniors only 7 percent admitted to cheating in an exam and another 7 percent said they had been dishonest on a take-home test. 32 percent of the seniors said they had cheated on homework during their undergraduate years..

The surveys come in the wake of a cheating scandal at the university which saw 120 students investigated for sharing answers on an exam in 2012. One recent graduate stated: "Cheating was commonplace when I was at Harvard， especially with students in their first year or two. I would say as many as 60 per cent of students took notes into some exams. No one really cared the faculty，well some of them at least， seemed to recognize and yet ignore the problem."

In an email to NBC News， Jeff Neal， a Harvard representative， explained that a committee，made up of faculty， staff and students had been established to tackle cheating， which "is a national problem in American education".

He added: "While the vast majority of Harvard and other students do their work honestly，beginning this year Harvard College has implemented a new， more robust strategy of communicating with all students， particularly first-year students， about the importance——and the ways to achieve——academic integrity."

In a rebuff to critics who say university has become little more than an expensive party， 84 per cent of the responding undergraduates fully expected to prioritize their academics over extracurricular activities， sport， employment and their social lives. Not a single student put academics at the bottom of their list. Not content with confining themselves to their degree subject，59 percent of incoming students expressed a desire to pursue a secondary field of study， and 36

percent hoped to learn a language.

What did the results show according to the first two paragraphs？查看材料

A.Most American students cheat in exams before they enter universities.

B.Most American students entering the universities admit they have cheated.

C.Half of students entering the universities admit to cheating on their homework.

D.There is academic dishonesty among students entering the US University.

点击查看答案

第9题

According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is ______.A．its lengthy and

According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is ______.

A．its lengthy and complex development

B．a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland

C．that we do not fly into a temper more often

D．that we reserve anger for mankind

点击查看答案

第10题

Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn't r

Plant Gas

Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.

Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant mounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.

In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.

With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.

Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.

Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it's unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.

The new finding is an "interesting observation," says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence, she notes.

What was scientists' understanding of methane？

A．It was produced from plants.

B．It was not a greenhouse gas.

C．It was produced in oxygen-free environments.

D．It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.

点击查看答案

第11题

She was more _____ than frightened .A.surprisingB.interestedC.hatedD.surprised

A.surprising

B.interested

C.hated

D.surprised

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