In 1973, Australia experienced sharply rising inflation.

om all over the world make up its population. The first immigrants in American history came from Eng- land and the Netherlands. Immigrants from many other countries then began arriving and are still coming. The greatest numbers came in the years 1880 to 1914. Between 1820 and 1973, the United States admitted over 46 million immigrants. Most came from Europe, but many also came from Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia and Canada.

What is the reason for calling the U. S. a"melting pot"？

A．Its population consists of people of various nationalities.

B．The people tend to gather in racial groups.

C．It has always kept its door open to immigrants.

D．People all over the world have been to the country.

borders, there are vast regional differences in climate, geography, and historical experience. Each section of the United States is often thought to have its own customs and attitudes, and stereotypes have developed about the people of each region.

The United States has long been known as a melting pot because so many people from all over the world make up its population. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. Immigrants from many other countries then began arriving and are still coming. The greatest numbers came in the years 1880 to 1914. Between 1820 and 1973, the United States admitted over 46 million immigrants. Most came from Europe, but many also came from Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia and Canada.

Why was the United States called a "melting pot"？

A．Most immigrants have settled in big cities.

B．Its population consists of people from various countries.

C．Most people tend to forget where their ancestors came from.

D．People gathered in racial groups.

borders, there arc vast regional differences in climate, geography, and historical experience. Each section of the United States is often thought to have its own customs and attitudes, and stereotypes have developed about the people of each region.

The United States has long been known as a melting pot because so many people from all over the world make up its population. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. Immigrants from many other countries then began arriving and are still coming. The greatest numbers came in the years 1880 to 1914. Between 1880 and 1973, the United States admitted over 46 million immigrants. Most came from Europe, but many also came from Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia and Canada.

Why was the United States called a" melting pot" ？

A．Most immigrants have settled in big cities.

B．Its population consists of people from various countries.

C．Most people tend to forget where their ancestors came from.

D．People gathered in racial groups.

the ocean onto the beach, and usually dying there. No one knows why they do it, but a number of whales beach themselves every year. Some people think beaching is an accident. Perhaps the whales get confused. Scientists who studied the beaching of three dozen whales in Australia think the whales may have been confused by loud noises. Whales can tell where they are by sounds. They send out sounds and listen as they travel past or bounce off objects. Two days before these thirty-six whales beached, loud guns had been fired for two hours. The loud sounds may have confused the whales. Their confusion might have caused them to wander into low water. Whatever the reason whales beach, it is a sad event. People try to save them, but very few beached whales live. One whale that was rescued from beaching in Florida lived for forty-five days. That is the longest a beached whale has ever survived. And it lived that long only because it got attention from doctors. All over the world, scientists rush to whale beachings as soon as they hear about them. They hope to learn why whales beach, and how to save them.

The subject of this passage is______.

A．the Florida Beaches

B．Beached Whales

C．Whale Sounds

D．Medical Treatment of Whales

7.Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth, also called Commonwealth of Nations, formerly (1931–49) British Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of sovereign states comprising the United Kingdom and a number of its former dependencies who have chosen to maintain ties of friendship and practical cooperation and who acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of their association. In 1965 the Commonwealth Secretariat was established in London to organize and coordinate Commonwealth activities. The Commonwealth differs from other international bodies. It has no formal constitution or bylaws. The members have no legal or formal obligation to one another; they are held together by shared traditions, institutions, and experiences as well as by economic self-interest. Commonwealth action is based upon consultation between members, which is conducted through correspondence and through conversations in meetings. Each member country sends an emissary, called a high commissioner, to the capitals of the other members. A Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting is held every two years. At the meeting in Singapore in 1971, members adopted a declaration that restated the Commonwealth’s voluntary and cooperative nature and committed the organization to promoting international peace, fighting racism, opposing colonial domination, and reducing inequities in wealth. This declaration was echoed at the meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 1991, when leaders further committed the organization to human rights and democracy. Britain has huge overseas investments, both government and private, in the Commonwealth. When Britain joined the European Economic Community (later succeeded by the European Union [EU]) in 1973, the trade privileges of member countries began to be reduced. Now Commonwealth members have trade agreements with the EU. Many of the exports of Commonwealth countries go to other member countries. In 1996 the Commonwealth Africa Investment Fund was established to increase investment in that continent. There are also significant educational links between members, as many British teachers travel overseas and many students from Commonwealth members study in Britain. Other cultural links include the Commonwealth Games, a sporting competition held every four years. In addition to independent members, the Commonwealth also comprises dependent territories, which are formally governed by the United Kingdom, Australia, or New Zealand. Most of the older dependencies are colonies. Dependencies include Anguilla, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, and the Turks and Caicos Islands (United Kingdom); Christmas Island, the Cocos Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, and Norfolk Island (Australia); and Niue and Tokelau (New Zealand). The United Kingdom has followed a policy of leading the dependencies toward self-government by creating territorial governments in them. These governments comprise a lawmaking body (often called the legislative council); an executive body (called the executive council), which with the governor is the executive authority; and an independent judiciary. At first government posts are appointive, but an increasing elected element is introduced, as constitutions are altered, until elected officials are made wholly responsible for local affairs. After a colony achieves internal self-government, its legislature may apply to the British Parliament for complete independence. It then decides whether to remain in the Commonwealth. 13.Dependent territories governed by the UK include all of the following ones except____.

A、Bermuda.

B、the Cayman Islands.

C、Gibraltar.

D、the Coral Sea Islands.

？Read the following passage below about Volkswagen.

？For each question 23- 28, choose the correct answer.

？Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.

The History of Volkswagen

Ferdinand Porsche started work on the 'people's car' with money he received from the German government in 1934. First of all he travelled to America to learn about car production. Then in 1938 he returned to Germany, founded Volkswagen Gmbh and started production with his new American machinery in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony.

Commercial production stopped during the war and the factory and its 9,000 workers fell into British hands in 1945. After the war the British helped the local economy by ordering 20,000 cars but decided not to take over the company as they did not think it had a future. Instead, Heinrich Nordhoff took over as Managing Director and the Volkswagen success story began.

Within five years annual production went from 20,000 to 230,000 cars and the company founded its first South American subsidiary, Volkswagen do Brazil S. A. In 1949 the first exports to the USA arrived in New York, where they were described as 'beetle-like' and the VVV Beetle legend was born. Thirty-two years later the 20 millionth Beetle rolled off a Volkswagen de Mexico production line. In 1960 Volkswagen became a public limited company valued at DM 600m.

The company continued its globalisation by setting up its own production facilities in Australia (1957), Nigeria (1973) and Japan (1990) while expanding into the USA (1976) and Spain (1986) by buying car manufacturers. The company also set up a joint venture in China (1982). Political events at the end of 1989 gave VVV the opportunity to move into central Europe, where it soon began production in the former East Germany and expanded into the czech Republic.

Today Volkswagen AG is Europe's largest car-maker with 242,770 employees and a turnover of ＄65bn. With new versions of the world's two most successful cars, the Beetle and the Golf, the future for VVV looks every bit as bright as its past.

During the war the company

A．stopped producing cars completely．

B．stopped producing cars for sale to the public.

C．continued producing cars as before.

ed to resign and it was never properly finished inside. None of this matters. The Sydney Opera House, by the reclusive Danish architect Jorn Utzon, is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings. It has come to define not only a city, but an entire nation and continent.

Beyond that, it is a global expression of cultural modernity. Everyone in the world with media access knows what the Sydney Opera House looks like. First designed in 1956 and finally declared completed in 1973, the opera house was the single best known modern building in the world until the arrival of Frank Gehry's equally extraordinary Bilbao Guggenheim in 1997. But it will outlive the Guggenheim as an international architectural icon--because it did all the difficult work tint.

In the pantheon(万神殿) of classic modern buildings, Utzon's creation has the status of myth. The myth states that the unknown architect, then in his thirties, submitted rough sketches to the competition judges, that he ignored most of the rules, that his as only selected after being plucked at the last moment from the rejected pile by one of the judges, and that the design was unbuildable.

But Sydney is remarkable for another reason: it is a complete one-off. It does not fit into any stylistic or chronological category. None of Utzon's other buildings--churches, government departments, house. looks anything like it, and architects today who try to copy his concept always end up looking very second-rate indeed. It is "modern", certainly, but it is an expressive modernism that was quite at odds with the rectilinear(直线的) "international style" of its time. It has more in common with the work of the American genius Frank Uloyd Wright, for whom Utzon worked briefly. Of course its location is an enormous help, sitting as it does on a promontory with water on three sides and the famous Sydney Harbor Bridge as a picture-postcard backdrop. But Utzon masterly exploited the site as nobody else could.

Utzon left Australia in high indignation in 1966, never to return, before he could finish designing the interiors.

As with Sir Christopher Wren at St Paul's Cathedral, Utzon was humiliated and removed from overseeing the final stages of his masterwork. But for all his manifold difficulties, which other contemporary architect can claim an equivalent achievement？ The Sydney Opera House showed us that anything is possible, and it demonstrated that sheer, seductive beauty for its own sake is nothing to be ashamed of.

It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A．the Danish architect Join Utzon totally failed in his design of Sydney Opera House and was forced to resign

B．the Danish architect Jorn Utzon has been made known as the founder of all the modern landmark buildings, in spite of his part failure in his design of Sydney Opera House

C．Sydney Opera House is hopelessly ugly and has never been finished inside

D．Sydney Opera House is the single best known modern building in the world up to now

A.1973年前

B.1973‐1980年

C.1980‐2000年

D.2000年后

A.1970

B.1971

C.1972

D.1973