Write a paragraph about the effects of an incapable government based on the following stru
I've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinctionand one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mindand the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel nomatter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture afleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it withthe world in raw form; no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want tomake writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls"free writing". In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. Nostopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideaswill come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have taw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded tosit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually haveand you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through youravailable time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forthuntil you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
56、When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind "cannot work in parallel" (Line 3, Para.1 ) in the writing process, he means ____
A.no one can be both creative and critical
B.they cannot be regarded as equally important
C.they are in constant conflict with each other
D.one cannot use them at the same time
57、What prevems people from writing on is ____
A.putting their ideas in raw form
B.attempting to edit as they write
C.ignoring grammatical soundness
D.trying to capture fleeting thoughts
58、What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A.To organize one's thoughts logically.
B.To choose an appropriate topic.
C.To get one's ideas down.
D.To collect raw materials.
59、One common concern of writers about "free writing" is that ____. .
A.it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B.it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C.it may bring about too much criticism
D.it does not help them to think clearly
60、In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A.It refines his writing into better shape.
B.It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C.It saves the writing time available to him.
D.It allows him to sit on the side and observe.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model’s body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.
The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization’s standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.
“Especially girls and teens,” says Record. “Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines.” That’s especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia (厌食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
It’s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness. Record’s suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.
In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model’s weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with a BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won’t be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. “A designer can’t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week”,she says, adding, “Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week.”
51.What do Record and Austin say about fashion models’body mass?
A.It has caused needless controversy.
B.It is but a matter of personal taste.
C.It is the focus of the modeling business.
D.It affects models’ health and safety.
52.What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?A.A change in the public’s view of female beauty.
B.Government legislation about models’ weight.
C.Elimination of forced weight loss by models.
D.Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.
53.Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models?A.It contributes to many mental illness.
B.It defines the future of the fashion industry.
C.It has great influence on numerous girls and women.
D.It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runway.
54.What do we learn about France’s fashion industry?A.It has difficulty hiring models.
B.It has now a new law to follow.
C.It allows girls under 18 on the runway.
D.It has overtaken that of the United States.
55.What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?A.It will create a completely new set of rules.
B.It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.
C.It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.
D.It will have models with a higher BMI.
THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys get two thirds of the teachers' attention — even when they are in a minority— taunt (辱骂) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons.
These claims are made in a book out this week, written by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination against girls is so deeply in co educational schools that single sex classes are the only answer. Her case is based on tape recordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance. “Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than the boys.”
The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girls more than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female. In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocate d to girls. “She doesn't like boys, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention. Boys regarded two thirds of the teacher's time as a fair deal — and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise, they play you up something awful.” Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored.
26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better.
A) single sex classes and co educational classes B) co educational classes
C) single sex classes D) None of the above
27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____ .
A) her own lessons in secondary school and college
B) the other teachers' tape recordings
C) both male and female teachers
D) tape recordings of her own and other teachers' lessons
28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention?
A) They will keep the teachers' attention again.
B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster.
C) They will play up the teacher something awful.
D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers.
29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____.
A) rough B) brave C)troublesome D) emotional
30. The best title for this passage would be ____.
A) boys are teachers' pets
B) boys do better in co educational classes
C) single sex classes are better than co eduationed classes
D) girls do better than boys
Questions are based on the following passage: In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish (浪费的) consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts— enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss or gain through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry (砖石) wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city’s sanitation facilities, too. Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960’s, some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common. Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them—personal ambition, civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space. Q: What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A、To discuss the effect of skyscrapers on the environment.
B、To compare skyscrapers with other modern structures.
C、To support the use of masonry in the construction of skyscrapers.
D、To illustrate some architectural designs of skyscrapers.
Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.
Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.
Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.
In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.
26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.
A) education in general
B) Americans' attitudes
C) higher education
D) American education
27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.
A) certain B) contradictory
C) ambitious D) unclear
28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.
A) higher education B) public education
C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics
29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
A) information is our only product
B) education in the future will be specialized
C) we are entering an age of information
D) we are living in an age of information
30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A) The History of American Education.
B) The Need for Specialized Education.
C) The Future of the American Educational System.
D) Attitudes toward American Education.
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