There are more than forty universities in Britain-nearly twice as many as in 1960s. During the 1960s eight completely new ones mere founded,and ten other new ones were created1converting old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the2of students more than doubled,from 70,000 to3than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen4twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are private institutions. Each has its5goveming councils,6some local businessmen and local politicians as7as a few academics (大学教师). The state began to give grants to them fifty years8, and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its9from state grants. Students have t010fees and living costs,but every student may receive from the local authority of the place 11he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs,including lodging and12unless his parents are13. Most14take jobs in the summer15about six weeks,but they do not normally do outside16during the academic year. The Department of Education takes17for the payments which cover the whole expenditure(费用) of the18, but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence19new developments through its power to distribute funds,but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee,a body which is mainly20of academics. |