A.that B.what C.which D.who
A.that B.what C.which D.who
Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.
The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made tolocal water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.
The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.
By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency&39;s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency&39;s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.
People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.
In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That&39;s especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.
You need, then, not only to learn and understand, but also to practice!
Here are a few suggestions on effective practice/study techniques.
1.Make your mouth or hand do what your mind is learning.Study out loud.Do go to the lab and work on the tapes.Study with a friend, and, thus, participate in speaking and listening.Try to write sentences or a short paragraph using the skills you have practiced with your own lips.
2.Study day-by-day.You cannot get by in a foreign language course by cramming (临时抱佛脚) at the last minute.You may be able to “learn” vocabulary items that way, but you cannot teach your mouth to use them in sentences.
3.Sometimes go back and review “old”topics and vocabulary.Language learning is cumulative (累积的).You learn new skills on the basis of old ones.The more you “recycle”familiar information and skills, the better you will be able to take in new ones.
4.Don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Self-consciousness (害羞) can be a strong barrier to learning a language.Perhaps part of the reason small children readily learn languages is that they are not afraid of making mistakes.
41.The first paragraph of the passage has been written to lay stress on the fact that______.
A.memorizing vocabulary words is necessary in language learning
B.learning to swim is quite similar to learning about the Second World War
C.understanding the ideas is more important than anything else
D.language learning is a process of acquiring different language skills
42.One of the major benefits of studying with a friend is that ________ .
A.it makes one talk in a particular language
B.it builds the friendship between two friends
C.friends can share tapes or other learning materials
D.one studies better in with a friend
43.Cramming is no good while learning a language because _________.
A.it is of little use to study without a clear purpose
B.nothing can be learned through cramming
C.anything learned that way can hardly be put into use
D.one may not find enough time to use at the last minute
44.The purpose of reviewing old topics is __________.
A.to build up a good basis for new skills
B.to enjoy the good ideas contained in them
C.to throw away the old, useless information
D.to avoid making mistakes in the future
45.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.Why Children Are Able to Learn a Language Better than Grown-ups
B.A Few Suggestions on Studying a Foreign Language
C.Why Learning a Foreign Language Is More Difficult than Anything Else
D.An Introduction to Language Teaching and Learning
在C++开发环境中创建新的项目,然后创建一个main.cpp文件,将下面的代码粘贴到该源文件中; 不要改动你的C++开发环境中的默认设置。 编译并且运行; 截屏展示程序的输出结果。 作业提交: 用文字说明你所用C++开发环境的名称、版本号、操作系统及版本号(共6分); 输出结果的截屏图片(4分)。 代码如下:// 注意:由于中M系统有bug,正常录入的C++代码会出现HTML控制符。 // 如果出现该问题,请参考上面图片中的代码。 // 也可以下载附件“CompilerVersion.cpp.txt”,将文件名中的“.txt”去掉 #include <iostream> int main() { // 注意:__cplusplus 开头是连续两个下划线 if (__cplusplus > 201703L) std::cout << "C++2a\n"; else if (__cplusplus == 201703L) std::cout << "C++17\n"; else if (__cplusplus == 201402L) std::cout << "C++14\n"; else if (__cplusplus == 201103L) std::cout << "C++11\n"; else if (__cplusplus == 199711L) std::cout << "C++98\n"; else std::cout << "pre-standard C++\n"; std::cout << "Press ANY key to exit."; std::cin.get(); return (0); } // 如果上面的代码无法拷贝,也可以下载附件,将扩展名改为 .cpp
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