It was the summer of my freshman year of college. ...

第1题

US higher education is characterized by a high level of autonomy.

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第2题

Formal education in the US consists of ____________, secondary and higher education.

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第3题

The system of higher education in the US has three functions EXCEPT ______:

A、teaching

B、research

C、entertainment

D、public service

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第4题

Why is the writer so confident to say that United States of America has the best universities in the world？

A、Because the US system of education is different from those in Europe or Asia.

B、Because US higher education enjoys the great strength of diversity and flexibility.

C、Because US Central Department of Education has remained weak and small.

D、Because US has no Department of Education.

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第5题

Which of the following is not a feature of US higher education system？

A、Decentralization

B、Low level of accessibility

C、Big numbers

D、Diversity

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第6题

Australia enjoys a worldwide reputation for academic excellence. Generally, its higher edu

cation system follows a similar model to the US, and the students have different range of choices if they decide to pursue education.

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第7题

US Higher Education Lurking behind the gleaming promise of every wide-eyed freshman is a d

US Higher Education

Lurking behind the gleaming promise of every wide-eyed freshman is a dark fact of US higher education: Half of those who enroll at four-year colleges and universities will never graduate. That means about 600,000 students each year will not complete their bachelor's degree, concludes a new US Department of Education study. And it asks: "Is there too much emphasis on getting a four-year college degree？" It is almost a heretical question. A college degree has never been more coveted — or sought after. A record 14.9 million students enrolled this year. More than 96 percent of high school seniors say college is important — and two-thirds expect to earn a bachelor's degree.

It's a significant change from the early 1980s, when just 52 percent of seniors expected to enroll in any college. Now, "College for all" is the new mentality — urged by parents, guidance counselors, and political leaders of all stripes. College has become a default decision. Tons of unprepared high school graduates are shoveled into four-year colleges. But they just don't know why they're there.

So something is not quite right with this picture. The bachelor's degree is being oversold to many high schoolers who do not truly want the experience or have only a slim chance of attaining a four-year degree. As a result, many students end up on campus without a clear sense of what they expect to gain from a college education. And that can affect everything from choosing the right school at the. outset to picking a major or setting a career path — or even dropping out, as growing numbers are doing.

Perhaps as significant a factor in boosting the "college for all" view has been a shift in college counseling. In the 1960s, high school counselors viewed themselves as gatekeepers. Criticized for elitism, they changed. One study shows counselors recommending college to 66 percent of high school seniors in 1992, double the rate of a decade earlier.

Higher education has been very accommodating of this shift. Open-admissions policies expanded to roughly three-quarters of all higher-education institutions, with remedial education available at the vast majority. About 40 percent of those chasing a four-year degree are only marginally academically qualified.

Critics say the trend is a result of a "one-way-to-win" mentality. Too many families cling to the mythology that their child can be a success only if he or she has a college degree. And the assumption poorly serves candidates who might benefit from either delaying the experience, taking a few career-related courses, attending a vocational-training school, or learning about the myriad other ways to enter the work force.

A dark fact of US higher education is

A．only half of the college students succeeded in graduation.

B．too many high school graduates are shoveled into college.

C．only 12,000,000 students are enrolled to college every year.

D．only two thirds of the students expect a bachelor degree.

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第8题

While attending a higher education system offers many positives, it also offers certain n

egatives. One negative is the fact higher education【M1】______ schools are often very expensive. Colleges are expensive, and it is hard for a lot of families to afford to pay for, however this is not a good reason for not attending. If one starts early enough, they can save money, look up financial aide opportunities, and apply for scholarship opportunities to【M2】______ help pay for their tuition. It has already been shown that the amount of money that college students will make before graduation is much higher【M3】______ than the amount of money those that do not attend will make, so if【M4】______ someone can make sacrifices in order to pay for college then when they have a career someday they will make it all back but more.【M5】______ Another negative to go straight to a higher education system is that【M6】______ people are getting later starts to their careers. Some people choose to work minimum wage jobs, or take other opportunities as opening their【M7】______ own businesses. These options are all respectable, and sometimes do end up in making people large sums of money, but the facts given to us by the【M8】______ United States Bureau of Labor show that the vast majority of the time this is not the case. No matter how tempting it may be to take the good wage【M9】______ job right after high school, it is always more financial beneficial to attend【M10】______ a higher education system.

【M1】

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第9题

听力原文： Colleges and universities are degree-granting institutions of higher education.I

听力原文： Colleges and universities are degree-granting institutions of higher education. In the original sense of the word, a college was a group of students who gathered to share academic and residential facilities. Each college was a component part of a corporate body called a university. Today, especially in the United States, a college may be affiliated with a university (for example, Bernard College of Columbia University) or independent (for example, Smith College).

American undergraduates traditionally have been required to take general survey courses before they specialize in major areas of concentration; the undergraduate program generally is four years, and each year is split into two or three semesters. After receiving a bachelor of arts (BA) or a bachelor of science (BS) degree, those who want additional education enroll in programs leading to a master of arts (MA) or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D) degree or study at a medical, law, or other professional or technical graduate school at the same or another institution.

In contrast, European students begin their higher education with specialized studies because their general education is completed in secondary school. In general, European universities have no prescribed courses, attendance requirements, or course grades. Students may attend lectures, but do their work directly with tutors who prepare them for examinations. Programs may be completed in two or six years.

15.What was the original meaning of the word "college"？

16.When do American students begin to specialize in their major？

17.When do American students begin to study at professional or technical graduate schools？

18.In what way is European higher education different from US higher education？

(35)

A．A degree-granting institution of higher learning.

B．A group of students sharing academic and residential facilities.

C．A component part of a large corporate body.

D．An institution affiliated with a university.

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第10题

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Many private institutio

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in **er. Not ail will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quaiity schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because .they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues (收入) significantly. Raising fees doesn't bring in more revenue, for each time fees go up, the, enrollment (注册人数) goes down, or the mount that must be given away in student aid goes up. (78) Schools are bad businesses, whether rmblic or orivate, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the business. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.

It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. (79) There is no basis. for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are plentiful examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity (多样性) is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In ah imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be **erous, ha an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of keeping private higher education healthy.

第6题：In the passage, the author asks the public to support_____ .

A. private higher education in general

B. public higher education in general

C. high-quality private universities and colleges

D. high-quality state universities and colleges

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第11题

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Many private institutio

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in **er. Not ail will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quaiity schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because .they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues (收入) significantly. Raising fees doesn't bring in more revenue, for each time fees go up, the, enrollment (注册人数) goes down, or the mount that must be given away in student aid goes up. (77) Schools are bad businesses, whether rmblic or orivate, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the business. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.

It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. (78) There is no basis. for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are plentiful examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity (多样性) is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In ah imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be **erous, ha an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of keeping private higher education healthy.

第6题：In the passage, the author asks the public to support_____ .

A. private higher education in general

B. public higher education in general

C. high-quality private universities and colleges

D. high-quality state universities and colleges

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