考虑一个生产并消费面包和汽车的经济。下表中是两个不同年份的数据。
[
| 2000年 | 2010年 |
一辆洗车的价格 | 50000美元 | 60000美元 |
一个面包的价格 | 10美元 | 20美元 |
生产的洗车的数量 | 100辆 | 120辆 |
生产的面包的数量 | 500000个 | 400000个 |
]
a.把2000年作为基年,计算每年的以下统计数字:名义GDP、实际GDP、GDP隐含的价格平减指数,以及像CPI这样的固定加权数物价指数。
b.在2000年和2010年之间,物价上升了多少?比较拉斯派尔和帕氏物价指数给出的答案。解释其差别。
c.假设你是一位议员,写了一份社会保障与联邦养老金指数化的提案。这就是说,你的提案建议调整这些津贴以抵消生活费用的变动。你将用GDP平减指数,还是用CPI?为什么?
Consider an economy that produces and consumes bread and automobiles. In the following table are data for two different years.
[
| Year | Year |
2000 | 2000 |
Price of an automobile | $50.000 | $60.000 |
Price of a loaf of bread | $10 | $20 |
Number of automobiles produced | 100 | 120 |
Number of loaves of bread produced | 500.000 | 400.000 |
]
a.Using the year 2000 as the base year, compute the following statistics for each year: nominal GDP, real GDP, the implicit price deflator for GDP, and a fixed-weight price index such as the CPI.
b.How much have prices risen between year 2000 and year 2010? Compare the answers given by the Laspeyres and Paasche price indices. Explain the difference.
c.Suppose you are a senator writing a hill to index Social Security and federal pensions. That is, your bill will adjust these benefits to offset changes in the cost of living. Will you use the GDP deflator or the CPI? Why?