题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
The tip "know when to walk away" tells us that ______.
A．you should walk away when you see something you like but expensive
B．sometimes appropriate detached attitudes can ensure you a bargain
C．don't act too shy to leave
D．you'd better walk away when you have a second chance
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But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. "Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job" is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior. and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumers' assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.
What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upselling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.
It may be inferred that a European-style. service ______.
A．is tipping-free
B．charges little tip
C．is the author's initiative
D．is offered at Per Se
听力原文： The traditional procedure of taking attendance at the start of the lesson may help a new teacher create a sense of routine and structure, but it isn't the best way to start the class. New teachers need to develop classroom procedures for how and when to take attendance, as this is an important part of classroom organization.
Taking attendance after the teacher has provided some input and the students are ready to start the activity can be much more effective. Since students have already connected With the academic focus of your lesson plan, they won't be distracted when you do take attendance. Teachers do not necessarily need to call out their names. Just a simple head check should take you only a few minutes.
Teachers should ideally get to know the students' names quickly in order to build a positive and direct relationship.' Ice breaker activities during the first few days of school help to get to know the students' names. This can be very helpful to a new teacher, especially when there are more than two identical names or similarly sounding names.
Teachers can use name cards as a means for taking attendance in addition to also getting to know the names of students. As they walk around the classroom, teachers can simply spot check the students' names as they appear in the boxes or on the seats. An organizational tip for taking attendance using name cards includes arranging the names in your students' name list as they appear in rows. This makes it easier when it comes to checking off the names in your classroom attendance book.
29. Who are the target audience of this passage？
30.Why is it suggested that a teacher know the students' names quickly？
31.What's the purpose of arranging students' names in the name list as they appear in rows？
(30)
A．Teachers who needs tips for taking class attendance.
B．Teachers who can't remember students' information.
C．Students who want to improve their attendance records.
D．Students who want a positive peer relationship.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：W: Good morning, John, nice to be here!
M: You know, well, a lot of us spend time looking for things in the morning？ It's the glasses, it's the keys, and in my case it's always, always the other shoe.
W: Yeah, the other shoe, yeah! I've been there.
Ms What are the biggest mistakes we made when it comes to that？
W: And to speak to what you're saying, I think it's being organized. When you're disorganized, you don't know where things are. You're rifling from drawers, rifling through closets, trying to find the thing that didn't go back where it belongs. So if you can stay organized, you can really save some time.
M: All right. Let's start saving time right this minute. OK？
W: Okay.
M: No. 1, your No. 1 tip here is banking online. Now some people are afraid to do it, but you say it's something smart.
W: Yeah, yeah, 'it is very safe. And we certainly recommend that you use your own bank's website. So go to the bank, talk to the consumer service representatives there. If you have some questions about how to do it, how safe it is, it's the best way to find out how safe it is and how easy...
M: And how much time do you think you saved, Carolyn, by doing that？
W: You know if you can, write, write in a lot of checks, if you're making transfers, checking your statements, you can save 30 minutes, up, even up to an hour.
M: I've seen a lot of this number, the second tip, which is online grocers. Now, that's really not for everyone, but you actually go grocery shopping online.
W: That's exactly what you do. And you know, if you are the type of person that wants to read every label and look at every piece of fruit, it's probably not for you. But, you know, if you wanna give up a little control, you can definitely save some time. M: And what's the good strategy if you decide to go shopping online？
W: What I would suggest is especially starting out, is to do the staples online. The brands that you use all the time, the paper products, the cleaning products, the cereals, get that online and then go to the store for the meats in the produce.
M: Now for those who are big library people who like the library, you say make a preemptive strike basically and go online first before you actually make the trip out to the library.
W: That's exactly right. Check the library's website. You can reserve books rather than make a trip and find out they don't have the book that you want. You can put it in order and they will call you and let you know when it's in and then you go get it.
M: Ah, the fourth tip, I like it a lot because I travel a lot. It is to print your boarding pass before you go to the airport. That is so smart, right？
W: It's really amazing, especially when you don't have to check luggage. Because if you have to check luggage it's gonna take you a little time. But if you're just carrying on, you skip those chaos and go right to the gate.
M: That's brilliant. Now for those of us who are always sort of looking for the same phone number, I know I'm like this. I leaf through the phone book, I find the phone number, I call it, I shut the phone book and then the next week I'm gonna use that same number. What's the good way to sort or keep track of things？
W: Highlight it, you know, just do it in a bright color, so it jumps out to you if it's something that you use often and organize your phone book. That's really important. No more napkins and envelope flaps and old Christmas cards and phone numbers. Do it nicely and you will find things quicken
M: Okay, my big Achilles' heel for me is my purse. It is the bottomless horrible pit. I don't even know wh
A．they suffer from amnesia.
B．they are not organized.
C．they have too many things.
D．they are often in a hurry.
But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. "Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job" is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior. and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumers' assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.
What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upselling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.
It may be inferred that a European-style. service ______.
A．is tipping-free
B．charges little tip
C．is the author's initiative
D．is offered at Per Se
If something is" on the tip of the tongue" (Paragraph 4),______.
A．you say it in a polite way
B．you remember it all your life
C．you don't want to write it down
D．you know it but can't remember it
So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.
With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style. protection racket(收取保护费的黑社会组织).
Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine", the gesture said. "I want $30, or I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day".
I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn't yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey's tip!" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.
But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey？"
The man looked at him with scorn. "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling". Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else"？
Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette(礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute's Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says: "$10 to $30 each". You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.
The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because______.
A．he forgot to write a few words on it
B．he wanted the couple to send it back
C．he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D．he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
Part A
Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn't sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a. m. , you can't simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.
So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his hike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.
With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. —wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style. protection racket (收取保护费的黑社会组织)
Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine," the gesture said. "I want $ 30, or I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day."
I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn't yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey's tip !" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.
But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside , he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey？"
The man looked at him with scorn. "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. " Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else？"
Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette (礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute' s Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says, " $10 to $ 30 each. " You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.
The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because ______.
A．he forgot to write a few words on it
B．he wanted the couple to send it back
C．he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D．he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
听力原文： A lot of people don't like to give waiters extra money—a tip, but maybe those people don't understand about the waitresses and waiters. You, see, we get very, low wages, most of the time less than the minimum wage. We count on the tips as part of our salary. If waiters and waitresses didn't get tips, they wouldn't get enough money to live.
People ask me, "What is a good tip？" I like to get 15% of the bill. So if a customer has to pay $20.00 for her dinner, I like to get about $3.00 for a tip. Sometimes I expect 20% if I did a lot of work for the customer. For example, if I got her a special kind of food or recipe from the chef. But do you know something？ Very often it's the person you work the most for who gives you the smallest tips.
But to tell the truth, I do pretty well with the tips. I am a friendly person, so people like me. They talk to me during their meal and leave me a good tip. Of course some people prefer a quiet waitress and every once in a while I get some pretty small tips or no tip at all.
Once I looked up "tipping" in a dictionary. It said that the letters in word "tip" stand for "to insure promptness". In other words, to make sure we do things right away. The dictionary said that no one knows if that is the real meaning of "tip", but it make sense to me. If we know a regular customer is a good tipper, then we make sure he gets good service.
(30)
A．Tips are part of their salary.
B．Tips means good service.
C．Tips means lots of money.
D．Tips means the praise of the boss.
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