题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
To trade with the third world is mainly because that it is full of natural resources.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
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According to a news release of the Beijing Federation of Trade Union (BFTU) reported by the Beijing Times, millions of municipal workers in the capital are asked to take part in 20 minutes of daily workout in a bid to keep them fit. Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. The Importance of a Daily Workout for Workers In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
In order to enlarge our window glass business, we\'re doing our best to...
A take this problem into consideration.
B develop and expand the trade and business further.
C make our company the sole agent in China.
D offer to buy equipment for them.
E accept payment for this equipment.
F start cooperation with other branches and factories.
G cooperate with you and realize our common dream.
SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： One of the most important and comprehensive collections of Chinese export porcelain in America is on view at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Featuring more than 80 works drawn from the Museum's own collections, Chinese Export Porcelain at The Metropolitan Museum of Art examines the precious porcelain created in China for export to Europe and America. Dating from the mid-16th century through the third quarter of the 19th century, the exhibition includes bowls and vases, services and tureens, reverse glass paintings, and works in ivory. Together with the Metropolitan's winter 2003 Bulletin on the subject, the exhibition will spotlight this little-known facet of the Museum's collections. The exhibition and its accompanying publication are made possible by Mary and Marvin Davidson. Introduced to Europe in the 14th century, Chinese porcelains were regarded as objects of rarity and luxury. In the early 16th century, however , it is after Portugal established trade routes to the Far East when commercial trade began.
The collection of the precious porcelain exhibited in New York are dated for more than______.
A．300 years
B．400 years
C．500 years
D．600 years
听力原文： Generally speaking, trade fairs offer the following advantages to exhibitors.
The first advantage is concentration. The most effective method to sell or to promote a product is face-to-face. A good trade fair combines the advantages of personal selling and advertising. It brings together large numbers of buyers in one place, and provides the opportunity to present a sales message face-to-face, and to answer questions.
The second advantage is product presentation. Trade fairs are often the most practical way for companies to actually show buyers their products, which can be important for closing a sale.
The third one is chances of assessing buyer's reaction. Trade fairs offer the opportunity for immediate "feed-back" from buyers or other members of the trade. The exhibitors can often find out immediately if his product is right for the market, or how it should be adapted to make it right.
The next advantage is audience interest. Businessmen visit trade fairs because they are interested in seeing what is on offer. They tend to be more receptive to approaches from prospective new suppliers than they often are when they are sitting in their offices, pressed for time.
Reaching the unknowns is another advantage of a trade fair. An important advantage of a trade fair is that they enable an exhibitor to meet people whom it would otherwise be difficult to meet.
There is also the advantage of viewing the competition. Major trade fairs count among their exhibitors most of the important companies in their respective fields. Therefore, one of the advantages of attending such fairs is being able to study the products and some of the marketing techniques of the companies which are already successful in the market.
The last advantage is group support. Usually, companies new to exporting, or to a particular export market, often feel more secure as part of a group of companies or trade associations than they would venturing into strange territory on their own. Because trade fairs, along with trade missions, are the primary means governments have for sponsoring group marketing activity, many companies find them a particularly attractive way to begin selling overseas.
？ Look at the notes about advantages of trade fairs.
？ Some information is missing.
？ You will hear part of a presentation by the company's Marketing Manager.
？ For each question 16-22, fill in the missing information in the numbered space using one or two words.
？ You will hear the presentation twice.
Advantages of Trade Fairs
Trade fairs help to
combine (16) personal selling and ______
show buyers (17) ______
get (18) "______"
arouse (19) ______ of businessmen
get to know (20) new ______
study products and (21) ______
ensure companids with (22) ______ as part of a group
(16)
An intemational trade deal can involve up to four contracts and the importer must have a broad understanding of each of them. The four contracts are the contract of carriage , the export sales contract , the insurance contract and the contract of finance. There are three main areas of uncertainty as to which country's law will be applicable to their contracts; the difficulty emerging from inadequate and unreliable information; and the serious problem of the diversity of interpretation of th e various trade terms. The latter point can involve costly litigation and loss of much goodwill when a dispute over the interpretation of such terms arises.
The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country.
It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties willoverride[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions.
A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly.
The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, andhas no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers' obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyer's benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer.
Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange.
[1]比……重要
[2]与……没有直接或间接关系
Questions for reading :
In response to today's World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body decision declaring the Bush Administration's Section 201 steel tariffs contrary to WTO obligations, Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition Steel Task Force (CITAC STF) Chairman William E. Gaskin urged President Bush to terminate the steel tariffs immediately.
Gaskin stated, "In addition to the continuing damage and job losses that the tariffs are causing U.S. steel consumers, the U.S. now faces billions of dollars in retaliatory tariffs by our trading partners. For the sake of the U.S. manufacturing sector, it's time to end the tariffs now. Manufacturers need some positive news and a quick end to the steel tariffs will help send a message that the President supports American manufacturers and understands the requirement that they be globally competitive."
The WTO Appellate Body ruling today that the U. S. steel tariffs violate the WTO Safeguards agreement was widely expected. "As the world's leader in trade liberalization and opening markets around the world, the United States cannot afford to ignore the requirements of the WTO system," said Lewis Leibowitz, Counsel to the CITAC STF. "Our preliminary review of the decision indicates that it is consistent with WTO precedent in ruling that the U.S. violated the WTO Safeguards Agreement in imposing the tariffs last year. Based on Article 8 of the Agreement, the EU and seven other countries would be within their rights to impose restrictions on U.S. exports potentially totaling billions of dollars, not to mention other countries that did not bring a case against the U. S."
The WTO Appellate Body decision will become official in early December. The European Union (EU) has announced that it will retaliate on U.S. exports to the EU worth $ 2.2 billion five days after the decision is official unless President Bush ends the tariffs. Other U.S. trading partners are expected to announce retaliatory measures as well.
President Bush is expected to decide any day on the future of the steel tariffs. In September 2003, the U. S. International Trade Commission's midpoint review of the steel tariffs showed that the tariffs have cost the U.S. economy $ 987.2 million and thousands of U.S. jobs. Numerous economic studies have also found that the tariffs caused far more damage to the U.S. economy than helped the domestic steel industry.
Gaskin concluded, "Eliminating the steel tariffs will remove a tax being paid by U.S. steel consuming industries and avoid damaging tariffs being placed on U.S. exports by the EU and other trading partners. The debate should be over. Any good that the tariffs might have accomplished has been achieved and it is time to end them."
What is implied about the Bush Administration's Section 201 steel tariffs？
A．It aims to create more job chances for American steel workers.
B．It requires high tariffs of steel imported to America.
C．It aims to raise the tariffs of exported American steel.
D．It requires the American steel industry to pay more tax.
Say goodbye to the Mountain Gorilla. Say farewell to the Short Tailed Chinchilla.
That's the conclusion of the United Nations Environment Program's(UNEP) Third Global Environmental Outlook Report. The report was compiled(编写) for the UN from the work of 1,100 scientists. It predicts the state of the planet in the year 2032 based on the policies and practices of the last 30 years. If these continue, UNEP says, we're going to be living on a very lonely planet. By 2032, one quarter of the world's mammal species(哺乳动物种群) will disappear. They will be joined by 12% of the world's bird species. And according to UNEP, 5,611 species of plants will also be wiped out-but since only 4% of the world's plant species have been examined in detail, that figure will probably be much higher.
UNEP blames a variety of causes, from poverty and overpopulation to pollution, global warming and profit-driven economic and trade policies. But there is some good news. There has been an 85% reduction in the use of chemicals, for instance. And around 10% of the earth's surface is in protected areas like national parks, five times as much as 30 years ago.
"We can never know for certain what lies before us," said a UNEP official. "The future is another country. But we can see how our actions or lack of actions might shape the environment and the inhabitants(居民) of this extraordinary blue planet by 2032."
At the beginning of the passage, "Mountain Gorilla" and "Short Tailed Chinchilla" seem to be some ______.
A．mountains
B．rivers
C．animals
D．sceneries
Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17 th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants.
During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women' s work, and colonists complained that they were too "haughty". The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves.
The other form. of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies.
At the end of the 17 th century, in order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of England in terms of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks (the great majority of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century.
Which of the following was true of the slavery in America？
A．The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Caribbean.
B．Native American slaves performed agricultural labor.
C．During the 17th century, the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies.
D．It was at the end of the 17th century that African people began to be brought to America.
听力原文： The quality and breadth of British arts and popular culture have been enriched through the contribution of individuals from many backgrounds and traditions that have come to settle in the UK Over the years.
Television and radio have moved towards including a minority ethnic dimension in both mainstream and specialist programming. In newspapers a range of ethnic minority publications is published in Britain, from daily newspapers to trade journals.
Britain's urban young are looked to by youth worldwide for their style. in dress, appearance and music. That style. owes much to the ethnic diversity of Britain's young people, which they can draw on and fuse together, resulting in a unique cross-over of ethnic and cultural influences.
A growing number of museums now acknowledge the role of ethnic diversity in Britain's past and present life, such as the Liverpool Maritime Museum.
The contribution of ethnic minority communities has enriched the range of arts in Britain, bringing new forms, new talents and new ways of performing.
Sportsmen and sportswomen from ethnic minority groups have contributed to Britain's sporting prowess from the last century onwards. Many have achieved recognition at world class and Olympic as well as national level in sports such as soccer, cricket, and boxing.
Ethnic food is now part of everyday British diet, whether it's eating at home or eating out. Supermarket shelves reflect the diversity of the nation's cuisine, with curry, chow mein, pasta and pizza becoming staples.
What is this talk mainly about？
A．The role of youth in bringing out new form. of popular culture.
B．The role of television in mixing together different cultures and traditions.
C．How British cultural life is influenced by people coming from different backgrounds.
D．How the minority groups in Britain struggle to adpat themselves into the mainstream life.
The North-South Conflict
The North-South conflict derives its name from the simple fact that, almost without exception, the wealthy nations of the world are in the Northern Hemisphere and the poorer nations lie to their south. Generally speaking, the North consists of the United States, Canada, Europe excluding Albania, Israel, Russia and the other newly independent former Soviet republics (although this is a matter of debate), Japan, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The remaining states of the world, numbering over 110, are the South.
The South has been and is described by many terms -- the Third World, the Developing World, and the Less Developed Countries (LDCs), to name just a few. Again speaking in general terms the countries of the South share two attributes: they have had a colonial past dominated by European powers and they are poor.
Despite obtaining formal independence, many Developing World states have discovered to their chagrin that they remain economically and politically dependent on their former colonial masters. Trade ties and investment patterns established during decades of colonial rule were rarely terminated by the attainment of political sovereignty. From the viewpoint of Developing World countries, this economic dependence carried with it unavoidable political subservience. Thus, even though a Developing World state may have sought to establish its own political-economic independence, it could not.
Such a relationship between former colonial metropolises and their former colonies is termed neocolonialism. Although interpretations of neocolonialism differ on a case-by-case and region-by-region basis, a unifying thrust of the South is to escape this neocolonial relationship.
In part, the Developing World's desire to escape political-economic dependency explains its hostility toward both the West and Western institutions such as the World Bank and multinational corporations. Developing states often resent the World Bank's insistence that they provide full disclosure of financial data, and having had numerous occasions to witness the linkage between economic strength and political power, governments of the less developed states often were skeptical of the claim promulgated by Western state actors and non-state actors alike that no political concessions would be sought if investment opportunities were awarded.
The South, then, was on the horns of a dilemma as it sought to achieve political-economic independence. Full political and economic independence could be achieved only if Developing World states could strengthen their economic autonomy. In most cases, however, that required increased reliance on external sources of finance and expertise. To many Developing World countries, such external economic reliance implied continued political dependence.
Above all else, Developing World counties see their plight of poverty and dependence as the result of past colonial exploitation and current economic inequities in international trade, pricing, and exchange mechanisms. As a result, the South seeks both expanded aid from the North and a restructuring of the existing international economic order. In short, the South desires a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
第二篇
Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that "hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry(家禽) industry". In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition(营养不良) in "hungry nations", the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem.
Large-scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources. This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form. of vegetable matte than can ever be recovered in the form. of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal' s process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the case of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.
This means one has to feed approximately 9～10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life.
Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain's largest suppliers of chickens, Ross Breeder, are also involved in projects all over the world.
Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.
But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken-raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine- relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh' s main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken？
In this passage the author argues that______。
A. efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry
B. raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain
C. factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries
D. hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry
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