题目内容
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How did the nineteenth-century defenders of photography stress the photography？
A．They stressed photography was a means of making people happy.
B．It was art for recording the world.
C．It was a device for observing the world impartially.
D．It was an art comparable to painting.
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MA From nineteen ninety-one until two-thousand-one, we... I should say I... operated as a sole proprietorship. I hired subcontractors as needed, but did most of the work myself. I formed a corporation in two-thousand-two, due to all the design work I was getting.
WB How many employees do you currently have？
MA We work with a group of regular subcontractors— architects, interior designers, contractors, and so on—who get together on a project-by-project basis. We find this flexibility allows us to address the specific demands of each project, regardless of its complexity or scope.
In which field does the man work？
A．Real estate
B．Architecture
C．Graphic design
D．Book publishing
听力原文：W: Where are you from？
M: Originally from Odessa, by the Black Sea. I moved to California for about seven months and then moved here in Manhattan.
W: How did you start designing？
M: The T-shirt thing started as a way to promote my artwork.
W: Did you have any sort of education in art？
M: No, not really. I had an office job for a while in retail first, a clothing store. After that I had a Wall Street job training to become a stockbroker. When I started it I was nineteen or twenty. That lasted a year to a year and a half. Then I decided to work on my art full time. That was always my true love.
W: You started SSUR PLUS by yourself？
M: Pretty much. I was making 12 T-shirts with the distributions of 3 stores.
W: Did they sell well？
M: Oh, yeah. You know it was always an uphill climb but it was pretty good from the beginning.
W: Is there a community of creative people around here？
M: Yes, I have strong communities of friends and talented people around me. That helps to add on to the way I see things and hopefully I add on to the way they see things.
Where does the man live now？
A．In Odessa.
B．Near the Black Sea.
C．In California.
D．In Manhattan.
A、one hundred ninety six and one hundred fifty three
B、one hundre and ninety six hundred one hundred and fifty three
C、nineteen thousand sixty one fifty three
D、one hundred and ninety six thousand one hundred and fifty three
One example is New York University in Manhattan. The School of Continuing and Professional Studies began online classes in nineteen ninety-two. Its Virtual College has taught more than ten thousand students from across the United States and other countries.
Last year, the School of Continuing and Professional Studies launched NYU Online. It offers NYU's first online programs to earn a bachelor's degree. Programs are offered in three areas: leadership and management, information systems management and social sciences. University officials say classes are highly interactive, where students communicate with each other and their teachers. Some classes require students to all log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor. Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects. The university says classes are taught by NYU professors who have been trained in online teaching.
International students must take two admission tests before they can be accepted into the program. These are the SAT and the TOEFL. We will discuss these tests later in our series.
The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student takes. It can cost as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year. NYU offers no financial aid for international students in this program. You can get more details at nyu.edu.
1. When did New York University start its online classes？
A. In 1990
B. In 1998.
C. In 1992.
D. In 1982.
2. Which of the following is NOT included in the online programs offering a BA degree？
A. Information Systems Management.
B. Finance and Economy.
C. Leadership and Management.
D. Social Sciences.
3. What can the students do in the online learning programs？
A. Communicate with each other and the teacher.
B. Attend classes and lectures together.
C. Ask questions and work together on team projects.
D. Students are taught by NYU professors in the classroom.
4. International students can be accepted into the program after ________ .
A. they take the SAT and the TOFEL
B. they go to New York University
C. they apply and log in
D. two years in the United States
5. How much does the online learning program cost per year？
A. $15,000.
B. $1,500.
C. It depends.
D. $5,000.
On December first, nineteen fifty-five, in the southern city of Montgomery, Alabama, a forty-two year old black woman got on a city bus. The law at that time required black people seated in one area of the bus to give up their seats to white people who wanted them. The woman refused to do this and was arrested. This act of peaceful disobedience started protests in Montgomery that led to legal changes in minority rights in the United States. The woman who started it was Rosa Parks. Today, we tell her story.
She was born Rosa Louise McCauley in nineteen-thirteen in Tuskegee, Alabama. She attended local schools until she was eleven years old. Then she was sent to school in Montgomery. She left high school early to care for her sick grandmother, then to care for her mother. She did not finish high school until she was twenty-one. Rosa married Raymond Parks in nineteen thirty-two. He was a barber who cut men's hair. He was also a civil rights activist. Together, they worked for the local group of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In nineteen forty-three, Missus Parks became an officer in the group and later its youth leader.
Rosa Parks was a seamstress in Montgomery. She worked sewing clothes from the nineteen thirties until nineteen fifty-five. Then she became a representation of freedom for millions of African-Americans. In much of the American South in the nineteen riffles, the first rows of seats on city buses were for white people only. Black people sat in the back of the bus. Both groups could sit in a middle area. However, black people sitting in that part of the bus were expected to leave their seats if a white person wanted to sit there. Rosa Parks and three other black people were seated in the middle area of the bus when a white person got on the bus and wanted a seat. The bus driver demanded that all four black people leave their seats so the white person would not have to sit next to any of them. The three other blacks got up, but Missus Parks refused. She was arrested. Some popular stories about that incident include the statement that Rosa Parks refused to leave her seat because her feet were tired. But she herself said in later years that this was false. What she was really tired of, she said, was accepting unequal treatment. She explained later that this seemed to be the place for her to stop being pushed around and to find out what human rights she had, if any.
A group of black activist women in Montgomery was known as the Women's Political Council. The group was working to oppose the mistreatment of black bus passengers. Blacks had been arrested and even killed for violating orders from bus drivers. Rosa Parks was not the first black person to refuse to give up a seat on the bus for a white person. But black groups in Montgomery considered her to be the right citizen around whom to build a protest because she was one of the finest citizens of the city.
The women's group immediately called for all blacks in the city to refuse to ride on city buses on the day of Missus Parks' trial, Monday, December fifth. The result was that forty thousand people walked and used other transportation on that day. That night, at meetings throughout the city, blacks in Montgomery agreed to continue to boycott the city buses until their mistreatment stopped. They also demanded that the city hire black bus drivers and that anyone be permitted to sit in the middle of the bus and not have to get up for anyone else. The Montgomery bus boycott continued for three hundred eighty-one days. It was led by local black leader E.D. Nixo
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Foreign Adoptions
Madonna, as you might have heard, is in the process of adopting a baby from Malawi. The one-year-old boy named David was flown last month to London. The American pop music star and her husband have a home there. Madonna is married to film director Guy Ritchie and is the biological mother of two children.
Madonna recently gave millions of dollars to support efforts to help orphans(孤儿)in Malawi. The southern African country is one of the poorest nations in the world.
Madonna says she wants to give David a better life. But some people criticized her for adopting a child whose father is still alive; even if the father did agree to it. And some child psychologists said children do best if they are well cared for in their own homeland.
The adoption is not yet final. The Lilongwe High Court gave Madonna and her husband temporary custody of David on October twelfth. The court order is for eighteen months. During that period a social worker will report on how the boy is being cared for.
A committee of sixty-seven human rights groups in Malawi argued that adoption laws there normally bar international adoptions. The committee has brought a legal action to make sure if Madonna received special treatment.
Madonna says she did not. But she has supporters. They include Jane Aronson, an influential expert on adoptions and head of the World Orphans Foundation, She says Madonna is offering David a new life.
More than two thirds of people in the United States who adopt children from other countries are not famous. They are people like Miriam and John Baxter of Bethesda, Maryland. The Baxters have a biological daughter named Olivia. Olivia was almost eight when her new brother, Matthew, arrived. The Baxters adopted Matthew from an orphanage(孤儿院) in South Korea.
They had thought about adopting a baby from China. But their plans changed five years ago after the World Trade Center attack in New York. A nearby office where they needed to get a document to satisfy Chinese adoption requirements was closed temporarily.
Waiting for the office to re-open would have delayed the process another month. And the Baxters already faced a year of waiting.
Then they learned that it might be faster to try to adopt a child from South Korea. Miriam Baxter has a brother and sister who were adopted from there. And, in her words, "we wanted the child so much, we just could not wait any longer."
There are many older children in the United States who could be adopted. Finding permanent homes for them is difficult, especially if they have physical or emotional problems. People who want to adopt usually want a child who is healthy and very young.
In nineteen seventy-three, the Supreme Court ruled that women have a right to end unwanted pregnancies. So, for more and more Americans looking to adopt, the answer is to look in another country. The State Department approved immigrant visas for eight thousand foreign adopted children in nineteen eighty-nine. By last year the number was almost twenty-three thousand.
The Census Bureau says two and a half percent of all children in-the United States are adopted. Of those, about thirteen percent are foreign-born.
Years ago, few unmarried Americans or couples older than forty adopted babies. Today, it is much more common for single people to adopt. The same is true of older married couples and older singles. Some couples of the same sex also adopt children.
Adoption laws differ from state to state. People who want to adopt must show they can provide a safe and loving home. But sometimes they have to wait years until an adoption agency can find a child for them. So they might seek a private adoption—for example, by paying a woman to have a baby for them.
By some estimates, the avera
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
How much did you pay______that car？
A．with
B．for
C．to
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