题目内容
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What changed Charles's life and led him into a world of natural science？
A．A letter to Captain Robert FitzRoy.
B．A voyage around the world on a ship called the Beagle.
C．His father decided to send Charles to Cambridge University.
D．A trip to Rio de Janeiro in South America.
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He was not a very clever boy, but Charles was good at doing the things that interested him. He also took pleasure in carrying out. experiments. But he could not learn Latin and-Greek which in those days were an important part of education. He was a disappointment to his father, who was sure that he would bring nothing but shame to himself and his family.
Then his father decided to send Charles to Cambridge University to study to become a priest. With hard work, he did quite well. And, in the countryside around Cambridge, he was able to shoot, fish and collect insects.
He seemed likely to become a country priest like hundreds of others, sharing his time between his work and his interest in natural history and country life. He had a deep faith in God and a lasting interest in religion. At this time he did not doubt that every word of the Bible was true.
Then a letter from Captain Robert FitzRoy changed his life. FitzRoy was planning to make a voyage around the world on a ship called the Beagle. He wanted a naturalist to join the ship, and Darwin was recommended. That voyage was the start of Charles Darwin's great life work.
In those days a great many people believed that every word written in the Bible was true. Darwin hoped that the plants and animals that they found in the course of their voyage would prove the truth of the Bible story of the great Flood.
He began to observe everything. When they got to Rio de Janeiro in South America, Charles was overcome with joy to see so many different creatures, so much life and colour. His notebooks were full of detailed observations.
Then they reached dry land at Punta Alta. There Darwin discovered his first fossils. Why, he wondered, were there horse bones at Punta Alta, when there had been no horses in the New World until Cortez brought his from Spain？
They came to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America. It was a strange place, with terrible storms. Its people grew no food, and they slept on the wet ground. Darwin observed their looks and habits.
"How can people be so different, if all are descended from Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden？" Charles wondered.
What is the passage about？
A．The earlier years of Charles Darwin.
B．How does Charles Darwin get his fame.
C．Charles Darwin's education.
D．Charles Darwin's childhood.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
M: Not exactly. Do you have any suggestions？
W: In fact, I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of the exhibit of the reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I should have mentioned it earlier, but I wasn't sure if I'd even get the tickets.
M: An exhibit, huh？ I like that. But I don't know who Julia...
W: Julia Margaret Cameron! She was a renowned photographer who changed the aesthetics for photography.
M: What do you mean？
W: Well, her specialty was portraits and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, just capturing what a person looks like in a dispassionate way. She, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing her subject's personality.
M: Interesting! How did she do that？
W: Well, she invented a number of techniques that affect the picture. One of those things was to blur images slightly by using a soft focus on the subject. That's pretty common now.
M: Yeah. Who did she photograph？
W: Famous people of her days, like Alfred Lord Tennyson, Charles Darwin, just to name a few. Why not find out by yourself at the exhibition？
M: You've picked my curiosity. I am going to enjoy this.
(9)
A．Her subject's home.
B．Her subject's personality.
C．Her subject's social status.
D．Her subject's role in history.
听力原文：W: Hey Steve, got any plans for tonight？
M: Hi, Jane. No, I don't think so. Why？ Got any suggestions？
W: In fact, I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of the exhibit of the reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I would have mentioned it earlier, but I was on the waiting list for these tickets and I wasn't sure I'd even get them.
M: An exhibit, huh？ I like such things. But I don't know who Julia...
W: Margaret Cameron! She was a photographer in the 1800s. She is interesting to art-historians in general and students of photography in particular because she...how should I say, changed the aesthetics for photography.
M: What do you mean？
W: Well, her specialty was portraits and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, just capturing what a person looks like in a dispassionate sort of way. She, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing her subject's personality..
M: Interesting! How did she do that？
W: She invented a number of techniques that affect the picture. Like one of those things she did was blurring images slightly by using a soft focus on the subject. That's pretty common now.
M: Yeah. Who did she photograph？
W: Famous people of her day, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Charles Darwin...I don't know who else. We'll see at the exhibition.
M: You really pique my curiosity. I am going to enjoy this.
(20)
A．A famous photographer.
B．Photographic processes in the 1800s.
C．Photographic equipment used in the 1800s.
D．A new museum.
听力原文：W: Hi, George. Got any plans for tonight？
M: Not exactly. Do you have any suggestions？
W: In fact, I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of the exhibit of the reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I should have mentioned it earlier, but I wasn't sure if I'd even get the tickets.
M: An exhibit, huh？ I like that. But I don't know who Julia...
W: Julia Margaret Cameron! She was a renowned photographer who changed the aesthetics for photography.
M: What do you mean？
W: Well, her specialty was portraits and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, just capturing what a person looks like in a dispassionate way. She, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing her subject's personality.
M: Interesting! How did she do that？
W: Well, she invented a number of techniques that affect the picture. One of those things was to blur images slightly by using a soft focus on the subject. That's pretty common now.
M: Yeah. Who did she photograph？
W: Famous people of her days, like Alfred Lord Tennyson, Charles Darwin, just to name a few. Why not find out by yourself at the exhibition？
M: You've picked my curiosity. I am going to enjoy this.
(9)
A．Her subject's home.
B．Her subject's personality.
C．Her subject's social status.
D．Her subject's role in history.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：W: Hey Steve, got any plans for tonight？
M: Hi, Jane. No, I don't think so. Why？ Got any suggestions？
W: In fact, I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of the exhibit of the reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I should have mentioned it earlier, but I was on the waiting list for these tickets and I wasn't sure I'd even get them.
M: An exhibit, huh？ I like such things. But I don't know who Julia...
W: Margaret Cameron! She was a photographer in the 1800s. She is interesting to art historians in general and students of photography in particular because she ... how should I say, changed the aesthetics for photography.
M: What do you mean？
W: Well, her specialty was portraits and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, just capturing what a person looks like in a dispassionate sort of way, she, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing her subject's personality. M. Interesting! How did she do that？
W: She invented a number of techniques that affect the picture. One of those things she did was to blur images slightly by using a soft focus on the subject. That's pretty common now.
M: Yeah, seems so. Who did she photograph？
W: Famous. people of her day: Alfred Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Charles Darwin; I don't know who else. We'll see at the exhibition.
M: You really pick my curiosity. I am going to enjoy this.
What is the conversation mainly about？
A．An exhibition on some famous people.
B．A course on photography the woman is taking.
C．An exhibition of a famous art historian's works.
D．An exhibition of a great photographer's works.
听力原文： At the end of the 19th century, a social scientist visited Stockwell, in south London. He was involved in an ambitious project, led by the shipping magnate Charles Booth, to color-code every street in the capital according to its social make-up. In general, the area struck him as comfortable. But just east of Stockwell Road he found a pocket of filth and squalor, with rude residents and broken windows. It was, he believed, "far the worst place in the division".
Since then, the area has been transformed. Dismal two-storey cottages have been swept away and replaced by grass and the apartment blocks of the Stockwell Park Estate. But the appearance of the neighborhood has changed more than its character. Julie Fawcett, who lives in one of the blocks, characterizes her neighbors as "the mad, the bad and the sad". Unemployment is more than double the area's average.
In many ways, London has changed dramatically in the past century. It has sprawled far beyond its 1898 boundaries. The network of underground transport has expanded, and cars have appeared. The city has been bombed in two world wars. The middle classes fled, then returned. Yet when Booth's maps am updated using data from the last census, the changes are less striking than what has stayed the same. Not only do the broad patterns found in the 19th century hold -- the East End is still poor, the West End still rich -- but so do many local ones.
Booth's method of judging streets was necessarily impressionistic. Researchers peered through windows and into back gardens in search of clues. A torn waistcoat on a clothes line in Kentish Town, north London, "told clearly of working-class occupants". Police officers were asked their opinions. Of the residents of one street in the south London neighborhood of Battersea, the local copper asserted: "People have improved their houses but not their manners." That road was coded black, for "vicious, semi-criminal" -- the lowest of seven categories.
Sadly, the 2001 census does not measure viciousness. But it does measure people's socioeconomic status. By collapsing its eight categories, and Booth's seven, into four, it is possible to see how a neighborhood has changed (or not changed) over a century. One area that has altered more than most: north Chelsea.
In 1898, Chelsea was socially mixed, and neither especially rich nor especially poor. Booth's researchers found some well-to-do residents in the Georgian terraces and on the main roads; before the advent of cars, busy roads were often smart. Worst was a now-demolished street southeast of the Fulham Road, the neighborhood's main drag, which featured "evil looking drink sodden old Irish women".
A century later, managerial and professional workers are now the dominant group in the area. Many streets that were middling in Booth's day are now wealthy, and some pockets of deep poverty have disappeared.
But poverty has not been altogether banished from this part of Chelsea, nor has it moved much. Most of the poorest areas in 2001 were also poor in 1898, and in almost exactly the same places. The reason is that the worst Victorian slums have been knocked down and replaced with tracts of social housing. Some of this housing was built by charitable trusts in the early 20th century.
Charles Booth was a ______.
A．urban planner
B．social scientist
C．shipping tycoon
D．government consultant
The entire assets of one of these huge families often amounted, in the beginning, to little more than an axe, a hunting knife, an auger, a rifle, a horse or two, some cattle and a few pigs, a sack of seed corn and another of salt, perhaps a crosscut saw, and a loom. Those who moved first into a new region lived for months at a time on wild meat, Indian maize, and native fruits in season. Yet if they were poor at the beginning, they confidently expected that soon they would be rich.
In a way almost impossible to define to urban dwellers, a slice of ground suitable for fanning represented not just dollars and cents, but dignity. The obsession brought shiploads of yearners (渴求者) every week to Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charles Towne, and Savannah. It sent them streaming westward into the wilderness after their predecessors to raise still more children who wanted still more land.
What kind of stylistic device did the author use in the phrase "as pine roots cracking granite to grow"？
A．Metaphor.
B．Simile.
C．Personification.
D．Imagination.
What is the speaker's attitude towards Charles Foster？
A．Critical
B．Envious
C．Doubtful
D．Positive and respectful
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