II. Cases Description: 1. Name out one case to illustrate that the definition of the ‘environment’ assumes particular significance in relation to efforts to establish rules governing liability for damage to the environment. 2. During the first period of the development of the international environmental law, two environmental disputes were submitted to international arbitration. One is the Pacific Fur Seal Arbitration. Another is the Trail Smelter case. Please give more introduction about these two cases.
听力原文:M: Hello?
W: Hello, Debbi. This is Frank. I’m in a bit of a crisis.
M: What happened ?
W: I'm here at the station and my train leaves in twenty minutes. The problem is my suitcase is missing and all my important documents are in it. What am I going to do?
M: Where did you put it?
W: I took it out of the trunk of my taxi and left it on the sidewalls. Then I paid the driver. But when I turned around my suitcase had disappeared.
M: Oh that's unfortunate. Um...
W: There was another suitcase the same color on the sidewalk. I think someone must have got mine. I didn't have my name on mine and there's no name on this one either. What do you think I should do?
M: Well, I think the best thing to do is to go to the Railway Information desk and report this to the people there and leave the case with them. With any luck the other person will find out that he's taken the wrong case and will get in touch with Railway Information too. You should tell them to send your suitcase when it's found. Call me again before you leave to tell me what's happened. I can chase the railway people for you if necessary.
(12)
A.Someone took his suitcase by mistake.
B.He left his suitcase in the trunk of a taxi.
C.Someone stole his suitcase at the railway station.
D.He lost all his important documents including his train ticket.
A、you name it
B、let's say
C、case
D、to illustrate
He can work out ________ plans in case one or another risk appears.
A emergency
B urgency
C contingency
D efficiency
【M1】
Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don't yet (51) .for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories (52) .a reason to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't (53) . have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (54) . is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course, people have several goals that do not make (55) to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (56) a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not (57) , and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give (58) to several intellectual or cognitive(认识的) goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (59) about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the (60) of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (61) information or knowledge, what we are calling (62) goals. These goals can be held by computers too a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so (63) the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (64) out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might (65) rise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
(51)
A.express
B.explain
C.account
D.count
请根据短文的内容,回答题。
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don&39;t yet __________ (51) for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about __________ (52) they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand,don&39;t. In fact, computers don&39;t __________ (53) have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to fred out when they read. If a computer __________ (54) is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".<br>
Of course, people have several goals that do not make __________ (55) to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide __________ (56) order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to __________ (57) a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.<br>
However, these physiological and social goals give __________(58) to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to fmd __________ (59) about the name of a restaurant which __________ (60) the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to __________ (61) information or knowledge, what we are calling __________ (62) goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer__________ (63) "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so__________ (64) the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not __________(65) out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants
__________ 查看材料
A.express
B.explain
C.account
D.count
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