What are the zebra stripes on the tomato soup cans and potat..

第1题

Universal Product Code What are the zebra stripes （See the figure) on the Instant Mashed P

Universal Product Code

What are the zebra stripes (See the figure) on the Instant Mashed Patato Flakes package？ They are special black and white vertical lines. These black and white stripes can be read by an optical scanner, or computer. The "scanner", which reads the lines of code, is a small laser beam of light. When the light rays is broken by the black stripes, the computer "reads" the information about the product.

This code is called the Universal Product Code (UPC). It is designed to add speed and efficiency to stores by using computers. It can do this in several ways. First, it is not necessary for workers to put individual prices on items. By using UPC, the computer can print out the accurate price of the item. Errors in prices are eliminated, or done away with. Also, the time spent checking out is reduced UPC gives an itemized receipt to the customer with all the items, prices, and totals. The store clerk does not need to spend time checking the price on the item and punching it into the cash register. This UPC computerized system will probably save as much as 45 percent of the checkout clerk's time.

What do the stripes mean？ How does the computer interpret the stripes？ The number printed below the vertical bars identifies the manufacturer and the manufacturer's item. As many as 10 trillion individual machine-readable numbers can be used with this system. In the example, the 0 on the left side means that it is a grocery item. The numbers 36800 indicate the manufacturer, in this case it is the Food Club Company. The last five digits, 51512, mean it is a pack of mashed patato flakes. The light rays from the light beam read these lines, and the message is sent directly to the computer. The computer then finds the information about this product (price, inventory data) and sends it instantly back to the terminal at the checkout counter. At the same time, it keeps an inventory for the store manager. Many products have labels with these stripes.

The figures printed below the stripes are codes of the producer and the product.

A．right

B．wrong

C．Doesn't say

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第2题

Listening to Birdsong A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a fe

Listening to Birdsong

A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird, nearby: He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance？ According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference.

Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female(and potential mate)nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past. In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert.

Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn’t. the females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they’d never met the male.

Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening, to the concert version of their mates’ songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize-and prefer-the songs of their mates.

Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the brids listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them. This research deals with what’s called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way morns speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.

第31题 What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches？

A Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches.

B Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches.

C Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches’presence.

D Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing.

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第3题

What is NOT true of directed communication？A. The sender of a message has a specific audie

What is NOT true of directed communication？

A. The sender of a message has a specific audience．

B. Male zebra finches sing to female finches．

C. Mothers talk to their babies．

D. Male zebra finches sing to themselves．

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第4题

What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph？A．Songs sung by zebra finches at

What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph？

A．Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.

B．Songs sung by female finches for male finches.

C．Songs sung by male finches for female finches.

D．Songs sung by male finches to many female finches.

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第5题

What is not tree of directed communication？ A The sender of a message has a speci

What is not tree of directed communication？

A The sender of a message has a specific audience.

B Male zebra finches sing to female finches.

C Mothers talk to their babies.

D Male zebra finches sing to themselves.

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第6题

听力原文： What are zebra stripes on the tomato soup cans and potato chip bags？ They are sp

ecial black and white vertical lines. These black and white stripes can be read by an optical scanner, or computer. The "scanner", which reads the lines of code, is a small laser beam of light. When the light ray is broken by the black stripes, the computer reads the information about the product.

The code is called the Universal Product Code (UPC). It is designed to add speed and efficiency to stores by using computers. It can do this in several ways. First, it is not necessary for workers to put individual prices on items. Errors in prices are eliminated, or done away with. Also, the time spent checking out is reduced. UPC gives an itemized receipt to the customer with all the items, prices, and totals. The store clerk does not need to spend time checking the price on the item and punching it into cash register. This UPC computerized system will probably save as much as 45 percent of the checkout clerk's time.

What do the stripes mean？ How does the computer interpret the stripes？ The number printed below the vertical bars identifies the manufacturer and the manufacturer's item. As many as 10 trillion individual machinereadable numbers can be used with this system.

Codes are scanned by ______.

A．the checkout clerk

B．the customers themselves.

C．a laser beam of light.

D．the cash register.

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第7题

Every minute of every day, what ecologist James Carlton calls a global "conveyor belt" red

istributes ocean organisms. It's planetwide biological disruption that scientists have barely begun to understand.

Dr Carlton -- an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown, Mass. -- explains that, at any given moment, "there are several thousand (marine) species (traveling)... in the ballast water of ships." These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous invasion of fish-destroying, pipe- clogging zebra mussels.

Such voracious invaders at least make their presence known. What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly enter coastal waters around the world every day. Many of them probably just die out. Some benignly -- or even beneficially -- join the local scene. But some will make trouble.

In one sense, this is an old story. Organisms have ridden ships for centuries. They have clung to hulls and come along with cargo. What's new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water -- taken in to provide ship stability -- continuously moving around the world...

Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run to hundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva freefloating stage. When discharged in alien waters they can mature into crabs, jellyfish, slugs, and many other forms.

Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into midocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on.

The continuous shuffling of marine organisms has changed the biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that sea's anchovy fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters.

The maritime nations that created the biological "conveyor belt" should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it.

According to Dr Carlton, ocean organisms are

A．being moved to new environments.

B．destroying the planet.

C．succumbing to the zebra mussel.

D．developing alien characteristics.

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第8题

What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches？A．Female finches only

What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches？

A．Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates.

B．Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.

C．Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers.

D．Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates.

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第9题

What is meant by“concert songs”in the seventh paragraph？ A. Songs sung by zebra finches a

What is meant by“concert songs”in the seventh paragraph？

A. Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert．

B. Songs sung by male finches for female finches．

C. Songs sung by female finches for male finches．

D. Songs sung by male finches to many female finches．

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第10题

37 What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches？A Female finches l

37 What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches？

A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.

B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates

C Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers,

D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates.

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第11题

38 What is meant by "concert songs" in paragraph 7？A Songs sung by zebra finches at a conc

38 What is meant by "concert songs" in paragraph 7？

A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.

B Songs sung by female finches for male finches

C Songs sung by male finches to other finches.

D Songs sung by male finches for female finches

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What are the zebra stripes on the tomato soup cans and potato chip bags.'？ They are specia