Advertising is a form. of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who

have tried to 【B1】______ others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can 【B2】______ .

But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 【B3】______ the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that 【B4】______ the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, then radio and television, made mass selling through 【B5】______ possible.

The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best 【B6】______ to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action 【B7】______ be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or even to join the Army.

Advertising as a 【B8】______ developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest 【B9】______ . In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or 【B10】______ 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 【B11】______ advertising.

【B12】______ advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer 【B13】______ . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far 【B14】______ than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising 【B15】______ for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.

【B1】______

A．request

B．oblige

C．affect

D．persuade