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22 The three most common types of project cost estimates are:
A. Order of magnitude, parametric, and budget.
B. Parametric, definitive and top down.
C. Order of magnitude, definitive and bottom up.
D. Order of magnitude, budget and definitive.
E. Analogy, parametric and top down
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Birth, marriage and death：these are the greatest events in human life. Many things, good and bad，can happen to us in our lives. (79) Yet there are three days which are usually marked by some kind of special ceremony : the day we are bom ; the day we get married and the day we die. These are the three main events in life. We only have a choice in the second of these: we can choose whether or not to marry. But we have no choice in birth and death. All human beings— from the most primitive to the most sophisticated—are affected by these three events. The only thing that differs in each society is the way these events are celebrated. Yet all societies share com mon characteristics. Birth is a time of joy. The proud parents receive congratulations and presents on behalf of the new-born. Marriage is also a time of joy. The young couple go through a special wedding ceremony and receive presents to help them set up their home. (80) Death is a time of sorrow and is marked by a special ceremony and mourning. The dates of all three events are usually remembered.
All human societies _________.
A.celebrate the three main events in life, but in different ways
B.are not affected by these three events
C.celebrate these three events in exactly the same way
D.are the same
E
Find Something for Your Holidays
(www. smithsojourners. com)
TOUR de FRANCE JULY 2-24
Paris , France This is the greatest, most famous bicycle race in the world. For over a hundred years, cyclists from around the world have come to the French countryside to compete(比赛) , while the world itself watches. This year, the excitement will be great, as Lance Armstrong goes for a SEVENTH Tour de France win. (www. letour. fr)
RUNNING OF THE BULLS/FESTWAL OF SAN FERMLN JULY 6-17
Pamplona, Spain Every one knows what it is by sight: hundreds of sweaty men and women running down narrow streets before stampeding bulls(狂奔的牛) . It' s the famous Running of the Bulls in Pamplona, and nearly two weeks of partying with it. (www. sanfermin. com/www. pam-plona. net)
CELEBRATION OF LIGHT JULY 27-AUGUST 6
Vancouver , BC , Canada One of the biggest international showcases of fireworks(焰火) takes place every summer over English Bay in Vancouver (although you can see it from a variety of pub- lic parks and beaches). This year, teams from three nations will take part, showing off the best fireworks. (www. celebration-of-light. com)
NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL AUGUST 28-29
London, England Each year over one million people come to this area in west London during the late August Bank Holiday to dance and eat and drink and play. It began in 1964 and has grown into one of the world ' s biggest and most expected parties. (www. portowebbo. co. uk/nottinghilltv/ camivall. htm)
72. From the text we learn that if someone wants to find information about travel offers they can visit _________ .
[ A] www. letour. fr
[ B ] www. smithsojoumers. com
[ C ] www. sanfermin. com
[ D ] www. celebration-of-light. com
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of what's to come. Here's how to protect your good name.
HERE'S THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the Feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40, 000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $ 60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.
Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700, 000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It's one of crime's biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number—which can often be found on the Web—is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there's little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it's up to you to protect your identity.
The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists , not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of " pre-approved" credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.
But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax. com), Trans-Union (www.transunion.com) and Experian (experian. com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans-Union's website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive—laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.
If you're lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it's going to cost $8 to $ 14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $ 70; that's $ 10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you're a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form. at www. consumer, gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just don't expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.
What is the trend of credit-theft crime？
A．Tightly suppressed.
B．More frightening.
C．Rapidly increasing.
D．loosely controlled.
How often is The Citizen Herald published？
A．Daily.
B．Weekly.
C．Monthly.
D．Yearly.
CareerBuilder. com offers the following except______.
A．the most functional and easy-to-use online job search for Science & Biotech jobs
B．many ways to get the job searching done
C．names of the top companies hiring in Science & Biotech
D．Science & Biotech jobs
This people's encyclopedia' of the Web (a free site called Wikipedia) has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating web con- tent. At the heart of this movement are wikis, web sites that allow users to directly edit any web page with one click of the mouse.
Wikipedia (the largest example of these collaborative efforts) is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to change and improve the content. Each and every article has an "Edit this page" button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passersby, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site.
The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup bomis com, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection.
The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20,000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100, 000 articles. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And ac- cording to website rankings at alexa, com, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as britannica, com and is one of the top 200 most heavily visited websites on the internet.
The author called Wikipedia people's encyclopedia because it______.
A．is accessible by all the passersby.
B．can be edited by everyone.
C．is run by ordinary people.
D．is built to the taste of common citizens.
No matter which software or methodology is used on the back end, establishing a career portal starts out with one common action: setting up a link or a button on the corporate web site typically on the home page, labeled "careers" or "jobs". Clicking that link or button transports visitors into the recruiting application, which often has the same look and feel of the corporate web site.
Web recruiting software typically falls into three basic categories, although they overlap because they all offer additional functions beyond posting jobs. For example, most also include applicant tracking and reporting functions.
The first option: Take advantage of the web recruitment function included in HR modules of ERP system. Steve Gilloo]y, senior consultant for New York-based Mercer Human Resources Consulting once said that when a company has purchased an HR suite, it is just a matter of turning on the web-based front end and everything from the configuration of the site to the creation of the supporting data and the tracking of applicants is just an extension of the core ERP system.
Now comes the second option. Instead of using that built-in function, you may choose to purchase a specialized best-of-breed recruitment application from a software vendor. Some companies specialize in a particular industry, and others target businesses by size. Most of these packages can operate as either a stand-alone product or can link to the company's HR management system (HRMS). For example, BearingPoint Inc., an international business and, technology consulting firm based in McLean, Va. uses software from Recruitmax of Ponte Vedra Beach, Fla, to drive recruiting on its corporate website as well as on its internal career portal and its alumni network portal. Through these sites, people can apply for jobs themselves or refer to others. To get information on new hires from the Recruitmax application into the company's HRMS from PeopleSoft of Pleasanton, Calif., BearingPoint created a customized interface that sends an extensible markup language (XML) feed every hour to a helper application that sits on the PeopleSoft side of the fence.
A third option is to use an application service provider (ASP). Many best-of-breed vendors offer their software on such a hosted basis. Also, recruiting Web sites such as Monster. com host corporate career sites. An ASP is easier to set up and operate, and this method may increase security. Some companies don't want potential applicants to have access inside the firewall, so they have someone else host the career portion of their website.
If you go with the ASP model, typically you are looking at a fixed duration contract, make sure you understand what will happen at the end of the contract or if the vendor is acquired by another company, and if, when you do your due diligence, the vendor looks like it poses some risk, make sure a copy of the source code is put in escrow.
？You will hear a recruiting manager telling how to find jobs on the web.
？As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.
？You will hear the recording twice.
USE WEBS TO FIND JOBS
General Producers
1. Setting up a link or button on the ______ on the home page.
2. Clicking the link to enter the recruiting ______ Web Recruiting Saftware
3. Web recruitment function included in ERP's HR ______
4. Specialized recruitment application purchased from ......................................
5. Most ______ can be operated as a stand-alone product.
6. or can be linked to company's HR ______
7. Bearing Points created ______ to get information.
8. Application ______
9. Monster. com host __
听力原文： In this century, photographs have been really important for teaching art history. I will show what I mean in a moment with some photographs taken by Peter and Paul Julie. The work of these two photographers has been a very useful source for studying the art produced in the United States from 1896 to the present. Peter and Paul Julie were not artists, but they were a regular part of New York art scene. They took over a hundred thousand photographs which document the life and work of thousands of artists. Peter Julie is known as pioneer in this field of art photography. George Orkieve and other famous artists sought him out to take pictures of their work. His specialty was photographing painting. His son Paul photographs sculptures. Some of their most important photos are the ones of works of art that have since been destroyed. One example is a photo that we'll look at today. Would someone get the light please？ Thanks. This slide is from a photograph of painting by Edvord Harbor called Com Belt City. The painting was exhibited only two or three times before it was destroyed in the fire. Without the Julies photograph, no visual record of the work would exist. Although the Julies mostly photographed the works of painters and seulptors, they also occasionally photographed architectural subjects. They did quite a few photos of the buildings by John Muisopope. And we're going to look at one of those next.
(33)
A．A painter and a sculptor.
B．Paintings inspired by photographs.
C．Early photographic techniques.
D．The work of two photographers.
What is the most outstanding about Cafepress. com according to the author？
A．The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.
B．The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.
C．The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.
D．The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.
The most important element in diversity training lies in
A．the abilities to make others comfortable and included．
B．the complete and deep understanding of a different culture．
C．the appreciation of differences．
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