有性阶段（perfect state或stage）

A.good

B.excellent

C.perfect

D.normal

ff rally for the city's Olympic delegation. She called the Olympic Games an expression of human excellence that knows no race, gender or nationality. That makes New York, Ms. Rice said, the perfect place for the Olympics.

"People from all over the world, from all ethnic backgrounds and nationalities have come to New York over the centuries and worked hard to achieve what they have achieved. In that way, this city is the perfect place to host an Olympic Games. If you walk along the streets of New York, you will see the faces and hear the accents of the entire world. When the Olympic Committee looks at New York, it will see in microcosm of what the Olympics speaks to and that is the common humanity of all people."

During a news conference, reporters repeatedly asked Ms. Rice and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg why President Bush is not traveling to Singapore to lobby on behalf of New York's bid. Mr. Bloomberg said the visit by the secretary of state and a videotaped message from the president will show the Olympic Committee that New York's bid has the full support of the United States government.

New York's Olympic supporters have faced a rocky road at home. The centerpiece of the city's original presentation, a new stadium on the west side of Manhattan, failed to win state funding after considerable public dissent. Instead, an existing baseball stadium in Queens County will be renovated.

New York officials are upbeat about the city's chances of hosting the 2012 Olympics, but long-time Olympic observers give Paris the edge. London, Madrid, and Moscow are the other finalists.

Who will represent the US government and visit Singapore to lobby on behalf of New York's bid？

A．President Bush.

B．Secretary of State Ms. Rice.

C．Former US Olympic medalists.

D．New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

estions 41—45， choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks．There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the blanks．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points) Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes，should we？Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom？ This may sound like a fanciful concern，but it is an increasingly real one．The new federal transportation bill，for example，authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments—but by making the crime practically impossible to commit．(41)______ The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the“perfect prevention”of crime：depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place．The federal government’s Intelligent Transportation Systems program，which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights，could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light．(42)______ Such technologies force US to reconcile two important interests．On one hand is society’s desire for safety and security．On the other hand is the individual’S right to act freely． Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime，but punishing them if they do． The perfect prevention of crime asks US to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends．Does freedom include a“right”to drive drunk．for instance？It is hard to imagine that it does．(43)______ For most familiar crimes(murder，robbery，rape，arson)，the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind，whether it is intent，recklessness or negligence． (44)______ In such cases，using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom；it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute．Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense，the government could require，for instance．that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills，thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible，without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller． But because the government must not intrude on people’s thoughts，perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses．(45) ______ Even if this could be known，perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan，collecting such knowledge would violate an individual’s freedom of thought． Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention，and for strict— liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly．But for most offenses，the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach．This is not because people have a right to commit crimes；they do not．Rather，perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts，even when those thoughts turn to crime． A．But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actor’s state of mind：so．called strict—liability offenses．One example is the sale of tainted drugs． Another is drunken driving． B．The Dadss program，despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving，is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers’behavior. and controls individual’s free will． C．And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of l998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions，making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials， including video games． D．If the actor doesn’t have the guilty state of mind，and he commits crime involuntarily，in this case，the actor will be convicted as innocent． E．Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state． F．The program，the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety(Dadss)，is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver’s blood—alcohol level and，if that level is above the legal limit，prevents the car from starting． G．But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate？ This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom．We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases． ___________

A、Do not judge the book by its cover.

B、Nothing is more important than life.

C、We have to pay great attentions to the surrounding environment all the time.

D、The highest state of mind is to get rid of external interference.

l executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 【B1】 . He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 【B2】subways and trains. "It's not inconvenient at all," he says. 【B3】 , "having a car is so 20th century. "

Suda reflects a worrisome 【B4】 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 【B5】 among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 【B6】 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is 【B7】 . Last year sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 【B8】 you don't count the mini-car market. There have been 【B9】 one-year drops in other nations: sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 【B10】 a tax increase. But experts say Japan is 【B11】 in that sales have been decreasing steadily 【B12】 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.

Alarmed by this state of 【B13】 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 【B14】 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 【B15】 wealth gap, demographic (人口结构的) changes and 【B16】 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their 【B17】 longer, replace their cars with smaller ones 【B18】 give up car ownership altogether. JAMA 【B19】 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is 【B20】.

【B1】

A．profit

B．payment

C．income

D．budget

n eye chart without a hitch. The score is determined by how well you read lines of letters of different sizes from 20 feet away. But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned. Most birds would consider us very visually handicapped. The hawk, for instance, has such sharp eyes that it can spot a dime on the sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building. It can make fine visual distinctions because it is blessed with one million cones (视锥细胞) per square millimeter in its retina (视网膜). And in water, humans are farsighted, while the kingfisher, swooping down to spear fish, can see well in both the air and water because it is endowed with two foveae(凹窝)-areas of the eye, consisting mostly of cones, that provide visual distinctions. One fovea permits the bird, while in the air, to scan the water below with one eye at a time. This is called monocular vision. Once it hits the water, the other fovea joins in, allowing the kingfisher to focus both eyes, like binoculars, on its prey at the same time. A frog's vision is distinguished by its ability to perceive things as a constant motion picture. Known as "bug detectors", a highly developed set of cells in a frog's eyes responds mainly to moving objects. So, it is said that a frog sitting in a field of dead bugs wouldn't see them as food and would starve.

The bee has a "compound" eye, which is used for navigation. It has 15,000 facets that divide what it sees into a pattern of dots, or mosaic. With this kind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference. Thus, the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun. A bee's eye also gauges flight speed. And if that is not enough to leave our 20/20 "perfect vision" paling into insignificance, the bee is capable of seeing something we can't ultraviolet light. Thus, what humans consider to be "perfect vision" is in fact rather limited when we look at other species.

However, there is still much to be said for the human eye. Of all the mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy the pleasures of color vision.

The Snellen eye chart measures one's eyesight by ______.

A．the number of lines he reads

B．the number of letter he reads

C．the distance he stands away from the chart

D．the speed at which he recognizes the letters

A hundred years ago, pioneer psychologist William James declared that humans use only a

【21】______ part of their potential. All too many of tasks are 【22】______ or tedious. Then the 【23】______ operates almost on idle. The result can be 【24】______ mistakes or dragged-out drudgery because we can't get with it. The perfect state of flow, Csikszentmihalyi explains, 【25】______ l when our skills exactly measure up to the challenges 【26】______ us. 【27】______ ,says Csikszentmihalyi, the way to get a dull but 【28】______ job done easily is to make it harder. Turn a boring task into a 【29】______ game, so than you 【30】______ all your potential. Invent rules, 【31】______ l goals, 【32】______ yourself against a clock. This increased challenge may be what 【33】______ you into your zone. I was once asked to write an 【34】______ to a 【35】______ l of articles on lawsuit. Words came slowly as I plugged away at a 【36】______ that didn't 【37】______ me. I made 【38】______ trips to the coffeepot. Then the magazine's art director phoned to say he'd created an eye-catching 【39】______ for the article. Could the first 【40】______ of the article begin with J？

【21】

A．tiny

B．secondary

C．minimal

D．minimum