题目内容
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A.Mouth
B.Thorat
C.Nose
D.Pharynx
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更多“_____________ is the first organ of the respiratory system.”相关的问题
(I) There are two types of exchanges in the secondary market for capital securities: organized exchanges and over-the-counter exchanges. (II) When firms sell securities for the very first time, the issue is an initial public offering.
A、(I) is true, (II) false.
B、(I) is false, (II) true.
C、Both are true.
D、Both are false.
A．Scientists have ruled out the possibility that the appendix is involved in hindgut fermentation in all species, including rabbits.
B．As an organ, the appendix is more useful to the immune response of human beings in their first development than later in life.
C．The human appendix contains greater amounts of lymphoid tissue than the aggregates of which that are found in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract.
D．The appendix in a human child is generally less well developed than the appendix in a human adult.
E．The presence of the appendix in humans suggests that the human digestive process resembles the rabbit digestive process more than that of other animal species.
医学英语长句（二）翻译作业： 1. It is only through an understanding of the impact of the multiple etiologic factors in disease on the host that the mechanisms whereby they disturb normal physiology can be elucidated, only then can one grasp a truly basic understanding of disease processes and lay a groundwork for satisfactory symptomatic or curative procedures. 2. The onset of chronic leukemia is frequently so insidious that it is accidentally discovered when a blood count is obtained for other reasons or when the patient reports to his physician that he has noted a few enlarged lymph nodes or felt, while bathing, a firm left upper quadrant abdominal mass. 3. Many sudden cardiac arrest patients can survive if witnesses act immediately while ventricular fibrillation is still present, but successful resuscitation is unlikely once the rhythm deteriorates to asystole. 4. One should not wait for incontrovertible evidence to make the tentative diagnosis of active rheumatic fever in patients who are thought to be usually susceptible；for example，in those with a known rheumatic valvular lesion, or with a history of previous episode of typical rheumatic fever of with a history of rheumatic heart disease in a parent or sibling, particularly if their illness follows a streptococcal pharyngitis. 5. The current organ policy is shaped largely by two important laws: the first is the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act of 1968, adopted in all fifty states, which granted individuals the right to decide before death whether they wished to donate their organs; the second is the Organ Transplantation Act of 1984 , which aimed to encourage organ donation by establishing an organized organ matching and procurement network , while outlawing the buying and selling of human organs or the direct compensation of organ donors and their families.
They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to pre- vent the recipient's immune system from rejecting the organ — an ever-present risk.
But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. "As the results get better, more people go on the waiting lists and there's wider disparity between supply and need," says one doctor. The American Council on Transplantation estimated that on any given day 15 000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 5 000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.
This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal Uniform. Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public would not interfere with a family member's decision. The biggest roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don't ask for donations, either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.
When there aren't enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patients' condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time the patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.
Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating table.
B．To Dr Starzl it was very discouraging that his first liver transplant failed.
C．Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl.
D．Dr Starzl didn't give up even though he had failed in his attempts.
Hence the great interest in animal-to-human transplants, known as xenografts or xenotransplants (from the Greek work xenos, meaning strange of foreign) (56) most scientists believe is the only long-term solution to the organ (57) . There have been attempts at xenotransplants (58) the beginning of this century but neither has been successful; the longest (59) was a 20-day-old baby called Fae, who in 1984 was (60) the heart of a baboon.
The main (61) with any organ transplant is that the immune system of the patient receiving the organ sees the transplant organ (62) an invader. The immune system therefore launches a massive attack on the invader, activating enzymes knows as complement, which attack the (63) body, eventually killing the patient as well. This rejection has been (64) when transplanting human organs between humans by the close matching of tissue and the long-term use of drugs known as immuno-suppressants, first introduced just over ten years ago. With xenotranplants, however, rejection is even more (65) ; a normal pig's heart, for example, transfuses with human blood can be destroyed in 15 minutes.
(51)
A．result
B．latter
C．left
D．remainder
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
When Christian Bernard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die. Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person？" or "If doctors needed a dying person's heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely？" and so on.
Since that time, surgical techniques and techniques to help prevent the patient's immunological systems from rejecting new organs have developed very quickly. Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.
However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive if lungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. Under these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients？ Who would decide which patient should get the organ？ Would it be the doctor？ Or the donor？ Or the family？ If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve--and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved.
The first heart transplant was so controversial because people believed that ______.
A．the recipient of the first heart transplant obviously died
B．a person's personality would be changed after a heart transplant
C．the heart was the most delicate organ
D．doctors would have to kill the donor for his heart
Tony Huesman, a heart transplant recipient (接受者) who lived a record 31 years with a single donated organ has died at age 51 of leukemia (白血病), but his heart still going strong. "He had leukemia," his widow Carol Huesman said, "His heart—believe it or not—held out. His heart never gave up until the end, when it had to."
Huesman got a heart transplant in 1978 at Stanford University. That was just 11 years after the world&39;s first heart transplant was performed in South Africa. At his death, Huesman was listed as the world&39;s longest survivor of a single transplanted heart both by Stanford and the Richmond, Virginia-based United Network for Organ Sharing.
"I&39;m a living proof of a person who can go through a life-threatening illness, have the operation and return to a productive life," Huesman told the Dayton Daily News in 2006.
Huesman worked as marketing director at a sporting-goods store. He was found to have serious heart disease while in high school. His heart, attacked by a pneumonia (肺炎) virus, was almost four times its normal size from trying to pump blood with weakened muscles.
Huesman&39;s sister, Linda Huesman Lamb, also was stricken with the same problem and received a heart transplant in 1983. The two were the nation&39;s first brother and sister heart transplant recipients. She died in 1991 at age 29.
Huesman founded the Huesman Heart Foundation in Dayton, which seeks to reduce heart disease by educating children and offers a nursing scholarship in honor of his sister.
Tony Huesman died from ____________.
A.heart failure
B.heart transplant
C.pneumonia
D.non-heart-related disease
Tony Huesman．a heart transplant recipient(接受者)who livcd a record 31 years with a single donated organ has died at age 51 of leukemia(白血病), but his heart will going strong．“He had leukemia．” his widow Carol Huesmon said．“His heart—believe it or not—held out. His heart never gave up until the end．when it had to．”
Huesman got heart transplant in 1978 at Stanford University．That was just 11 years after the world's first heart trasplant was performed in South Africa．At his death．Huesman was listed as the world's longest survivor of a single tranplanted heart both by Stanford and the Richmond．Virginia-based United Network for Organ Sharing.
“I'm a living proof of a person who can go through a life-threatening illness．have the operation and return to a productive life．” Huesman told The Dayton Daily News in 2006．
Huesman worked as marketing director at a sporting-goods store．He was found to have serious heart disease while in high school．His heart attacked by a pncumonia(肺炎)virus．was almost four times its normal size from trying to pump blood with weakened muscles．
Huesman's sister, Linda Huesmaa Lamb．also was strieken with the same problem and receive a heart transplant in 1983．The two were the nation's first brother and sister heart transplant recipients．She died in 1991 at age 29．
Huesman founded the Huesman Heart Foundation in Dayton．which seeks to reduce heart disease by educating children and offers a nursing scholarship in honor of his sister．
Tony Huesman died from______．
A．heart failure
B．heart transplant
C．pncumonia
D．non-heart-related disease
Whet does the professor mainly discuss？
A．How grasshoppers find food.
B．How grasshoppers fight other insects.
C．How grasshoppers communicate with each other.
D．How grasshoppers escape from danger.
The first British people who came to America were very religious. They came for religious freedom. Their songs were simple and they did not use musical instruments in the church. Soon other people with different forms of the Christian religion arrived in America. They brought different kinds of church music from Europe and they used musical instruments, like the organ and the piano, in the church.
Not all early music was church music. Some people liked to drink and dance. Many drinking places opened and fiddle music and European songs entertained the People. American farmers soon left the east coast to begin new farms further west. The farms were big and far apart. There were not many towns or churches. Religious leaders, called preachers, rode horses around the country and brought religion to the farm people. They held "camp meeting" which often went on for several weeks. Popular religious songs were sung and the music was very lively. Many pop stars, like Elvis Presley, first learned to sing and to love music at these meetings.
To accompany the songs, Native Americans used _______.
A．musical instruments
B．religious prays
C．festival banners
D．camp tents
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