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提问人：网友vickjiajia 发布时间：2022-01-07
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Section AThere is probably no limit to what science can do in the way of increasing positi

Section A

There is probably no limit to what science can do in the way of increasing positive excellence. (81) Health has already been greatly improved; in spite of the lamentations of those who idealize the past, we live longer and have fewer illnesses than any class or nation in the eighteenth century. With a little more application of the knowledge we already possess, we might be much healthier than we are, and future discoveries are likely to accelerate this process enormously.

So far, it has been physical science that has had the most effect upon our lives, but in the future physiology and psychology are likely to be far more potent. (82) When we have discovered how character depends upon physiological conditions, we shall be able, if we choose, to produce far more of the type of human beings that we admire. Intelligence, artistic capacity, benevolence--all these things no doubt could be increased by science. There seems scarcely any limit to what could be done in the way of producing a good world, if only men would use science wisely.

(83) There is a certain attitude about the application of science to human life with which I have some sympathy, though I do not, in the last analysis, agree with it. It is the attitude of those who dread what is "unnatural". Rousseau is, of course, the great protagonist of the view in Europe. In Asia, Lao-Tze has set it forth even more persuasively, and 2,400 years sooner. (84) I think there is a mixture of truth and falsehood in the admiration of "nature", which it is important to disentangle. To begin with, what is "natural''？ Roughly speaking, anything to which the speaker was accustomed in childhood. Lao-Tze objects to roads and carriages and boats, all of which were probably unknown in the village where he was born. Rousseau has got used to these things, and does not regard them as against nature. But he would no doubt have thundered against railways if he had lived to see them. Clothes and cooking are too ancient to be denounced by most of the apostles of nature, though they all object to new fashions in either. Birth control is thought wicked by people who tolerate celibacy, because the former is a new violation of' nature and the latter an ancient one. (85) In these ways those who preach "nature" are inconsistent, and one is tempted to regard them as mere conservatives.

(86)

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更多“Section AThere is probably no limit to what science can do in the way of increasing positi”相关的问题
第1题
Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each p

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： The rise of multinational companies, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.

Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the US leadership in PR is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their companies planning activities, compared to about one third of US companies that do so. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race？ First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language.

Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial area, for instance, most Americans read The Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, the latter two being publications not often read in this country.

(1)

A．Huge increase in the number of public relations companies.

B．Shrinking cultural differences.

C．New communications technologies.

D．PR efforts in other countries.

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第2题
______ that this policy will be a golden opportunity for all business sectors.AThere

______ that this policy will be a golden opportunity for all business sectors.

AThere is no doubt

Bthere is no fact

CUndoubting

DIt has no doubt

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第3题
试就Mutual Exclusion、Progress、Bounded Waiting论述以下解决双进程临界区问题的算法是错误的：Pr

试就Mutual Exclusion、Progress、Bounded Waiting论述以下解决双进程临界区问题的算法是错误的：

Process PO：

do{

flag[0]=true；

While(flag[1])；

Critical section

Flag[0]=false；

Remainder section；

}while(1)；

process P1：

do

{

flag[1]=true；

While(flag[0])；

Critical section

Flag[1]=false；

Remainder section；

}while(1)；

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第4题
SECTION BINTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen c

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文： Interview with PAUL RAY:

AD: How did you discover the Cultural Creatives？

PR: When in 1986 I co-founded American LIVES, I was less interested in traditional market research and more in how America was changing. One of the first things we discovered in our research was that a clear cultural change was happening: not just change in one area of people's lives, but in many areas, from environmental issues to consumption patterns, from media preferences to the purchase of food products. We also discovered that the people who were changing were a definite subculture and part of a longer-term pattern. Although most Cultural Creatives in our surveys thought they were alone or part of a very small group, it turned out that they represented a sizable and fast-growing portion of the American population, now reaching over 50 million.

AD: How do you explain this impression of Cultural Creatives that they are not part of a larger group？

PR: Cultures are generally self-maintaining, and the Cultural Creatives differ from the official culture of the U.S.: i. e., the modem culture, which is a culture of getting and spending, a culture of materialism, a culture of big government, big corporations, and big media. That official culture is adhered to by just under half of Americans. The other half of Americans doesn't believe in it at all. Mainstream media usually describe Cultural Creatives as isolated individuals often labeled as tree huggers, protesters, New Agers, etc. When Cultural Creatives follow the news media, they see they are hardly mentioned, and therefore come to the false conclusion that they are only part of a very small group. Another reason why Cultural Creatives believe they are alone is that when you go to the workplace, you are supposed to check your values at the door. Cultural Creatives in the average workplace don't express themselves as such. A third reason is that in the process of becoming a Cultural Creative, one frequently has to shed old friendships, old marriages, old careers, because their views were changing in ways others weren't. This is a very individualized process, the benefit of which is that it really lets you change. The cost is that you believe you are unique and the only one going through this process.

AD: You indicate that there are 50 million Cultural Creatives in the U.S. and 80 million in Europe. What are the reasons for their rise？

PR: In part this is because our planet is in deep trouble. There is a daily drumbeat that we are moving into a crisis period for humanity. People who are good at synthesis, like most Cultural Creatives, see that if we continue our way of life we will be in deep trouble. At the same time there are personal changes happening at a psychological and spiritual level. Today, for the first time in human history, people who are interested in an inner life have access to every esoteric tradition in the world. Access to information about personal growth is enormous. Access to information about what is going on around the planet is never ending~ In short, better information, large crises at the social level, and miniature crises at the individual level all contribute to more and more people being exposed to the opportunity to deal with personal change.

AD: Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives？

PR: Women as both wage earners and homemakers feel the contradictions more in our society. They feel more subtle, institutional discrimination. If a society inherits disfunctional institutions then it is often the people with intelligence, skills, and an alternative perspective who are going to come up with be

A．people's lives

B．environmental issues

C．consumption patterns

D．media advertisements

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第5题
SECTIONACOMPOSITION（35 MIN)Recently, China has seen a boom in selling private cars. The pr

SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)

Recently, China has seen a boom in selling private cars. The private car has greatly improved individual’s freedom of movement. Moreover, they have become a symbol of status. However, the use of private cars has brought serious problems like air pollution and road accidents.

Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

HOW CAN THE USE OF PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLES BE REDUCED？

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part state the necessity of reducing the use of private motor vehicles.

In the second part, state what your suggested ways are.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

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第6题
Look at the four squares A, B, Cand D, which indicate where the following sentence could b
e added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit？

Eurasia is a huge, ecologically diverse landmass, and therefore has a great many large mammal species.

Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. AThere is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age.B The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. CHaving the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication. D

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第7题
SECTION BINTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen c

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：JM: I first encountered Parker Rossman's work in the early 1990s via his groundbreaking book, The Emerging Worldwide Electronic University: Information Age Global Higher Education (Rossman,1992). When I saw that his current project is a freely accessible online book-in-progress on the future of lifelong and higher education, I asked if he would allow Technology Source readers to learn about and participate in the project. He graciously consented to this interview.

Parker, I note on your Web site that you have three book-length volumes concerning the future of higher education: Volume I, The Future of Higher (Lifelong) Education and Virtual Space; Volume Ⅱ, Research On Global Crises, Still Primitive; and Volume III, Future Learning and Teaching.

What struck me in particular was your note asking readers to contact you if they saw errors, or if they could contribute Web site URLs or in terms of information that were pertinent to the material. As these notes indicate, you clearly regard this to be a work in progress. Certainly this is a great way to develop the manuscripts relatively quickly. What do you expect to accomplish via this technique？

PR: My objectives are to examine the ways in which a global virtual education system can come into existence and to raise questions about needed research on learning, teaching, and overcoming the problems (such as hunger, bad health, war, and revolution) that stand in the way of providing education for everyone in the world. I realize that education for all is impossible, but perhaps only in the sense that the United States, out of necessity, accomplished what was "impossible" after the attack on Pearl Harbor. I assume that H. G. Wells was right when he said that civilization is in a race between education and disaster. So I am willing to be audacious--as someone retired and with no axe to grind--and to initiate a project that might at least stimulate thought and discussion.

For 30 years or more I have been studying the university, higher education, and academia in the developing world. In the 1980s I began to see the emergence and potential of a global virtual university; this insight culminated in a book that was widely read and used and that led to my being invited to lecture in various countries. The next year Praeger published it as a paperback in their Contributions to the Study of Education series, Developing world delegates to the 1997 UNESCO conference on higher education in Paris complained that it was too expensive for them. So I said that I would put a sequel online, free to anyone in the world. I asked that, in return, they send me feedback and suggested links. And I have now accomplished this.

JM: Doesn't your online manuscript. deal with far more than higher education？ Your classification is a bit confusing to me, because each volume looks like a book. Why not say that you have three books on the Web？

PR: It must be one book if it is to be holistic. It should introduce all of the needs and problems that must be dealt with at once as we enter a time of lifelong education. "Education for all" must include programs for prekindergarten children, for primary and secondary school age learners, and for college students. It also must include continuing educational programs that foster job skills, career planning, and hobbies as well as special interest programs for senior citizens. Instead of talking about a "global university", the time has come to explore possibilities for a global virtual education system.

JM: Then why do you keep speaking of the "future of the university"？

PR: It is also my assu

A．They focus on the future of education.

B．They mainly talk about education for all.

C．They require participation of readers.

D．They should be treated as one book.

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第8题
Section A Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. One of the major pr

Section A

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

One of the major producers of athletic footwear, with 2002 sales of over $10 billion, is a company called Nike, with corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Forbes magazine identified Nike’s president, Philip Knight, as the 53rd-richest man in the world in 2004. But Nike has not always been a large multimillion-dollar organization. In fact, Knight started the company by selling shoes from the back of his car at track meets.

In the late 1950s Philip Knight was a middle-distance runner on the University of Oregon track team, coached by Bill Bowerman. One of the top track coaches in the U.S., Bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of running shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. After attending Oregon, Knight moved on to do graduate work at Stanford University; his MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. Once he received his degree, Knight traveled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company, a manufacturer of athletic shoes. Knight convinced the company’s officials of the potential for its product in the U.S. In 1963 he received his first shipment of Tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total.

In 1964, Knight and Bowerman contributed $500 each to from Blue Ribbon Sports, the predecessor of Nike. In the first few years, Knight distributed shoes out of his car at local track meets. The first employees hired by Knight were former college athletes. The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. In its early years the organization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized its innovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. Communication was informal; people discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or over a beer. There was little task differentiation. There were no job descriptions, rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowerman’s teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial style. of management that characterized the early years of Nikes.

47. While serving as a track coach, Bowerman tried to design running shoes that were____________

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第9题
根据材料请回答 36～40 题 The Mysterious BrainWhen you refer to your brain, you should pr

根据材料请回答 36～40 题

The Mysterious Brain

When you refer to your brain, you should probably say "brains".Most modern scien-tists studying the brain have con.eluded that there are three major parts of our brain,-that each is separate from the others, and that each has its own function and different proces-ses.

Brain 1 includes the spinal cord(髓脑), which sits directly on the top of the cord, and the middle section of the brain.It includes the controls for involuntary functions like breathing and digestion. Brain 2 is an area surrounding Brain 1.In this second brain are the various glands(腺)located in the brain, such as the pituitary(垂体)and amygdala(扁桃体). Scientists studying Brain 2 are convinced that human emotions such as excitement, fear, and love are centered here, as well as the senses of taste and smell.Memory and learning are also controlled by Brain 2.Brain 3 is the neo-cortex(新大脑皮层), the thick covering that surrounds the top and side portions of the brain.This is the "gray matter" we often think of when we speak of the brain.Only the higher orders of animals have Brain 3, and none is as highly developed as the human neo-cortex.Brain 3 sends:informa-tion from the other two brains to the body and receives data from the body.It is Brain 3that makes us fully human.Brain 3 allows us to stand erect(直立), to see, to speak, to write, to use symbols and tools, and to remember.Brain 3 also acts as a unifying control of the other two brains.As scientists continue to study the brain, they discover specific

areas that control particular functions of the body and particular emotions.

第 36 题 This passage is mainly about__________.

A．the functions of the three sections of the brain

B．the human brain

C．complexity of the human brain

D．the areas that control different kinds of behavior

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第10题
试述全员PR管理的内容。

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