The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious【B1】______ the conditions of temperatu

re and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and 【B2】______ it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but 【B3】______ to diffuse throughout the space available; it must【B4】______ be kept in a closed container, as【B5】______ a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories 【B6】______ the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are 【B7】______ different kinds of molecules (分子). The theories now prevailing 【B8】______ a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both flow easily. They are fluids.

The 【B9】______ similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.【B10】______ a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or 【B11】______ , becomes less dense; some of it evaporates.【B12】______ , the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure【B13】______ the densities become equal is 【B14】______ the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be 【B15】______ ; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform. density.

【B1】

A．in

B．on

C．under

D．beyond