There are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately related

. All phenomena are unique to humans and have there-【M1】______ fore been the subject of a great deal of anthropological, sociological, and even memetic study. Language, of course, is determined by culture. For many people, language is not just the medium of culture but also the【M2】______ part of culture. It is quite common for immigrants from a new country to re-【M3】______ tain their old customs and to speak their first language amid fellow immigrants, even if all of present are comfortable in their new language. This oc-【M4】______ curs because the immigrants are eager to preserve their own heritage, which includes not only customs and traditions but also language. This is also seen in many Jewish communities. Linguistic differences are also often seen as mark of another culture, and【M5】______ they very commonly create divisiveness among neighboring peoples but even【M6】______ among different groups of the same nation. A good example of this is in Canada, where French-speaking natives of Quebec clash with the English-speaking majority. This sort of conflict is also uncommon in the areas with a great【M7】______ number of tribal warfare. It is even becoming an issue in America as speakers【M8】______ of standard American English—mainly whites and educating minorities—ob-【M9】______ serve the growing number of speakers of black English vernacular. Debates are common over whether it is proper to use "Ebonics" in schools, while their【M10】______ speakers continue to assert that the dialect is a fundamental part of the "black culture".

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