Matter goes through Physical and c ______changes.

n touch and within reach of so many people. And yet, weve never been so lonely, either. Which is to say, our loneliness is largely something weve inflicted on ourselves through countless lifestyle. choices, many of them good, some even critical. But in the end, is it all worth it？ What is lost when we have e-mail pals on the other side of the world, but dont know our own neighbors？ Are bigger salaries, bigger cars, bigger homes worth the price of smaller social circles and diminished relationships？ Our loneliness has costs: crime goes up when neighbors dont look out for each other. The burden on public services increases when were not helping each other out. And the din of an iPod is no substitute for genuine connection with another human being. Theres no easy way out of our collective loneliness, and no solutions that come without trade-offs. But some of those trade-offs are worth reconsidering, lest we consume our lives with the things that matter least, at the expense of those that matter most.

supernova explosion that sends massive quantities of radiation and matter into space and generates shock waves that sweep through the arms (a narrow extension of a larger area, mass, or group) of the galaxy. The shock waves heat the interstellar gas, evaporate small clouds, and compress larger ones to the point at which they collapse under their own gravity to form. new stars. The general picture that has been developed for the supernova explosion and its aftermath goes something like this. Throughout its evolution, a star is much like a leaky balloon. It keeps its equilibrium figure through a balance of internal pressure against the tendency to collapse under its own weight. The pressure is generated by nuclear reactions in the core of the star which must continually supply energy to balance the energy that leaks out in the form. of radiation. Eventually the nuclear fuel is exhausted, and the pressure drops in the core. With nothing to hold it up, the matter in the center of the star collapses inward, creating higher and higher densities and temperatures, until the nuclei and electrons are fused into a super-dense lump of matter known as a neutron star.

As the overlying layers rain down on the surface of the neutron star, the temperature rises, until with a blinding flash of radiation, the collapse is reversed. A thermonuclear shock wave runs through the now expanding stellar envelope, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones and producing a brilliant visual outburst that can be as intense as the light of 10 billion suns. The shell of matter thrown off by the explosion plows through the surrounding gas, producing an expanding bubble of hot gas, with gas temperatures in the millions of degrees. This gas will emit most of its energy at X-ray wavelengths, so it is not surprising that X-ray observatories have provided some of the most useful insights into the nature of the supernova phenomenon. More than twenty supernova remnants have now been detected in X-ray studies.

Recent discoveries of meteorites with anomalous concentrations of certain isotopes indicate that a supernova might have precipitated the' birth of our solar system more than four and a half billion years ago, Although the cloud that collapsed to form. the sun and the planets was composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it also contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, elements essential for life as we know it. Elements heavier than helium are manufactured deep in the interior of stars and would, for the most part, remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions that blow giant stars apart. Additionally, supernovas produce clouds of high- energy particles called cosmic rays. These high-energy particles continually bombard the earth and are responsible for many of the genetic mutations that are the driving force of the evolution of species.

Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage？

A．The Origins and Effects of Supernovas.

B．The Life and Death of Stars.

C．The Origins and Evolution of Life on the Earth.

D．The Aftermath of a Supernova.

Under stress, people's blood pressure goes up, _________their race or sex.

A． whichever

B． no matter how

C． whether

D． no matter what

He decided to ______ the matter himself.

A．look through

B．look into

C．look after

D．look for

A、No matter who

B、No matter which

C、Whatsoever

D、Whichever

According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released

A．when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cell.

B．when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzyme.

C．when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.

D．when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.