题目内容
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A、low entry barriers.
B、diseconomies of scale.
C、absence of large-scale production.
D、a small number of large firms.
E、very low customer demand.
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更多“Mature industries are generally characterized by:”相关的问题
A、the government intervenes to regulate prices of products.
B、companies decide to invest in slow-growing markets.
C、companies decide to sell its patents to generate revenue.
D、companies increase or decrease product prices to convey their intentions to other companies.
E、a company concentrates on expanding market share in its existing product markets.
Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the consumer. Their products pass through several hands--truckers, warehouse workers, wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumer.
Products, or commodities, are usually divided into two types: consumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those that are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase.
Industrial goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to assemble cars. A tire manufacturer buys rubber, synthetic or otherwise, with which to make fires. Eventually these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The nature of industrial goods depends on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will influence the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys.
It can be inferred that ______.
A．most of the products exchanged at traditional markets are consumer goods
B．most of the products bought and sold at traditional markets are industrial goods
C．most farmers lived far away form. marketplaces and never sold their products directly
D．most service industries have not yet developed mature markets for their products
Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the consumer. Their products pass through several hands—truckers, warehouse wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumer.
Products, or commodities are usually divided into two types: consumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those that are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase.
Industrial goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to assemble cars. A tire manufacturer buys rubber, synthetic or otherwise, with which to make tires. Eventually these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The nature of industrial goods depends on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will influence the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys.
It can be inferred that ______.
A．most of the products exchanged at traditional markets are consumer goods
B．most of the products bought and sold at traditional markets are industrial goods
C．most farmers lived far away form. market places and never sold their products directly
D．most service industries have not yet developed mature markets for their products
Think of FORTUNE's Global 500 as a candid family portrait, a statistical snapshot of the world's largest corporations assembled shoulder to shoulder, frozen in time. So it is that this year, in the waning light of the 20th century, our reunion photo captures an optimistic scene: a rosy business landscape populated by jolly corporate giants--healthy, happy, and fat. After stumbling amidst the economic turmoil of 1998, the companies of the Global 500 recovered gracefully in 1999. Their total revenues increased 10.6% the best top-line growth in four years, and profits surged 26%.
Many of last year's leaders are once again ahead of the pack. General Motors (No. 1) held tight to its position atop the revenue rankings. (2) But Wal-Mart Stores, fourth last year, rose to No. 2, aided by its $10.7 billion purchase of Britain's Asda Group (formerly No. 354). Meanwhile, General Electric (No. 9) can still claim the most profits on the planet--S10.7 billion, a 15% increase. Even GE, however, may need to start looking over its shoulder. In 1999,14 corporations earned more than $6 billion, up from seven a year before.
The rankings make clear that the gulf between denizens of the new economy and those of the old continues to widen. Companies in cutting-edge industries such as telecommunications, computer technology, and pharmaceuticals again trumped those in mature sectors such as steel, chemicals, and autos. "The rapid pace of technological change is forcing a continuous level investment in emerging sectors," says Bruce Steinberg, chief economist at Merrill Lynch. This creates a dilemma for older industries, Steinberg says, because "they don't have a lot of top--line growth potential." In a dramatic illustration of this gap, the two software companies on the list, Microsoft (No. 235), made a combined $8.2 billion last year. During the same period, the ten metal firms in the Global 500 lost a total of $245 million, one of the worst performances of any industry.
According to the passage, which of the following words is most suitable to describe the economic prospect of the Global 500 at the end of the 20th century？
A．Pessimistic.
B．Tense.
C．Sad.
D．Optimistic.
？For each Question 15-20, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
Small Businesses in U. S. Economy
Small business plays a major role in the American economy. More than 990//00 of the nation's 16 million businesses are small. Their effects are felt in number of areas, including financial performance, innovation, job creation, new-business formation, and contributions to big business.
But what is a small business？ There are actually many different definitions, but the most widely quoted ones are those of the U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA). To help entrepreneurs, the SBA has drafted definitions to fit virtually every industry. For the sake of simplicity, we will define a small business as one that is independently owned and operated and has relatively little influence over its environment.
In sheer numbers alone, small business far outstrips big business. There is also evidence that suggests that small business outperforms big business financially. On average, for example, small manufacturers earn a higher return on owners' equity than do large manufacturers, for which there are two main reasons. First, in many manufacturing industries, small business can respond more rapidly and at less cost than can big business to the quickening rate of change in products and services, processes and markets. Second, small business has positive impact on the nation's economic performance in terms of gross national product, growth rates, and other indicators.
Entrepreneurs and Small Businesses Play a Major Role in Innovation
Small businesses or individuals working alone invented the personal computer, the transistor radio, the photocopying machine, the jet engine, and the instant photograph. Their ingenuity also gave us the pocket calculator, power steering, the automatic transmission, air conditioning, and even the ballpoint pen. Clearly, we are all better off for the presence of millions of small businesses. Their resourcefulness and ingenuity have spawned new industries and contributed a great many innovative ideas and technological breakthroughs.
Small businesses create more new jobs than do larger businesses. One study suggested that small businesses may create as many as 66 percent of all new jobs in the United States each year. In another study, the U. S. Department of Commerce found that small, young, high technology businesses created new jobs at a much faster rate than did larger, older businesses. Such small businesses require employees with a high degree of scientific or engineering knowledge and thus generate additional demand for them.
New-Business Formation
Another indicator of the importance of small business is the record number of businesses formed each year since 1960. New incorporations hit the 600,000 mark for the first time in 1983. This figure is more than four times the total in 1960. Of course, some of the new corporations are mature businesses that were born as sole proprietorships or partnerships and have only recently incorporated. Nevertheless, many more small businesses are created each year than larger ones.
A final reason for small businesses to have such an enormous impact is their contributions to big business. General Motors, for example, buys from over 25,000 suppliers, most of whom are small businesses.
Small businesses can deliver specialized products more efficiently than can larger businesses. Indeed, big businesses buy more of their inputs from small businesses than from other big businesses. Small businesses also play a key role in distributing and selling the products of larger businesses to consumers.
&nbs
A．their enormous contributions to big business
B．a great many personal computers in the office
C．hard work, drive, dedication, managerial competence and luck
D．basic managerial competence in the high level of demand
The flowers of mature lime trees have a delicious ______ smell. (honey)
A.mature
B.experienced
C.kind-hearted
D.capable
听力原文： Speaker One
Man: Good morning. This is Daily Business Report. Shanghai gets western gas. Gas started pumping through the huge West-to-East Natural Gas Pipeline on Friday, sending gas from the Tarim and Chongqing gas fields in western Xinjiang and Shanxi Provinces to Shanghai. At 9:00 am on National Day, PetroChina President Jiang Jiemin pushed a button at a gas compression station at Jingbian in Northwest China's Shanxi Province to launch the 4,000-kilometre-long pipeline Construction of the pipeline began on July 4, 2002 and cost more than 140 billion yuan (US $16.9 billion). It will transmit 12 billion cubic meters of gas a year.
Speaker Two
Woman: China and Russia are going to build hi-tech parks. President of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Lu Yongxiang said in Beijing Thursday that his academy and the Academy of Sciences of Russia (ASR) planned to build hightechnology parks both in Northeast China and in Russia's Novosibirsk. Representatives from CAS Changchun Academy and the ASR Siberia Academy signed a memorandum on seven cooperative projects Thursday morning at CAS headquarter. While carrying out the new form. of science and technology cooperation in building the hi-tech parks, Lu acknowledged, the two sides need to start appropriate research projects on the principle of equality and reciprocity. N. L. Dobretsov, vice ASR president who aim heads ASR Siberia Academy, said the hi-tech parks will epitomize increased cooperation between Russian and Chinese science communities.
Speaker Three
Man: Shanghai Volkswagen Corporation declared Tuesday a price-cutting plan for its car parts aiming to increase its market share in China. According to the plan, hundreds of components for Passat and Polo, its two dominant cars in China, will get large price cuts of between 25 and 80 percent starting Oct. 1. The price adjustment "will offer more preferential prices and lower the maintenance costs for consumers" as the corporation has formed "batch-produced ability for components" and set up an "after-sale service network" around the country, said a company spokesman. The spokesman said insurance premiums and purchasing and usage costs will also decline. Consequently, the two cars will become more competitive and help consumers regain confidence in the car market. China's car market is price-sensitive, but experts noted that price cuts only have short-term effects. In the long run, other factors will win out. Shanghai Volkswagen is one of the top car sales companies in China.
Speaker Four
Woman: China strives to build the "remanufacturing" industry as one of its pillar manufacturing industries, said Xu Binshi, member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, in Beijing Wednesday. "China will also set up related auxiliary industries, aiming to promote the national economy and realize re-employment and sustainable development," said Xu at a national workshop on "recycled economy". He went on to say that remanufacturing and self-renovation are considered in China's medium and long-term plans as a priority development theme and a key technology in the manufacturing sector. From the 1990s on, there have been enterprises in China studying remanufacturing, said Xu. Although the remanufacturing project is yet to be mature, he said, it is a "sunrise industry" and a potential giant industry, which has the ability to improve the quality and performance of products, reduce material consumption, save energy resources and protect the environment. Xu added that the crucial step of putting forward China's remanufacturing industry is to establish relevant laws and standardize business activity and market operation.
Speaker Five
Man: China plans to regulate fireworks industry. The Chinese government is planning to strengthen safety supervision over its scattered fireworks manufacturers to reduce the rising risks of accidental fireworks explosions. Sun Huashan, deputy dir
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