What are the sources of legislative proposals in the UK？

detailed output legislation Parliament framework pursuit delegated statistical significant form opposed aims power computation body It is apparent that, in the course of the present century, as the state has increasingly become involved in regulating society in general and the economy in particular, the Actual form of legislation has altered. Instead of general and definitive Acts of 1__________ which attempt to lay down 2__________ provision the modern form of 3__________ tends to be of the enabling type which simply states the general purpose and 4__________ of the Act and lays down a broad 5___________ whilst delegating to ministers of state the 6_________ to produce detailed provisions in 7__________ of those general aims. Generally speaking, 8__________ legislation is law made by some person or 9_________ to whom Parliament has delegated its general law making power. In 10__________ terms it is arguable that at present delegated legislation is actually more 11_____________ than primary Acts of Parliament. The 12_________ of delegated legislation in any year greatly exceeds that of Acts of Parliament and, according to Professor Zander’s 13____________, each year there are over 2000 sets of rules and regulations made in the 14________ of delegated legislation as 15___________ to less than 100 public Acts of Parliament. There are various types of delegated legislation but it should always be remembered that the validity of any piece of delegated legislation has the same legal force and effect as the Act of Parliament under which it is enacted but equally only has effect to the extent that it is authorized by its enabling Act.

secure render provisions fundamental English exported debate subject framework immune houses underpinned legislature constitution Judicial independence may be defined as the ability of a judicial officer to conduct their work free from improper pressure by executive government, by litigants and by particular pressure groups. The 1_______ concept of judicial independence came into being in England in 1701 with the enactment of the Act of Settlement. Today both Russia and Poland boast an impressive array of constitutional 2_______ designed to underpin the independence of the judiciary, but still clauses in a 3_______ were not enough. For the rule of law to be really 4_______, there has to be a widespread understanding among the people of a country, of the reasons why it is so important that the judges should be truly independent of the state. And this is what the following is all about. Although we have 5_______ written constitutions all over the world, in England we do not have one of our own. In default of a codified set of rules, there are four main ways in which our independence as judges is 6_______. First, we are independent of the executive and the legislature, and vice versa, and we do not get involved in political 7_______. Next, 8_______ to modern rules relating to our age and our health, we cannot be removed except on an address passed by both 9_______ of parliament. Thirdly, we are almost entirely 10_______ from the risk of being sued or prosecuted for what we do. And, finally, we are paid large enough salaries to 11_______ us free from the sort of financial worries which might in theory fuel the risk of judicial corruption. In a typically 12_______ way, there are grey edges to all this. In particular, our most senior judges sit in one house of the 13_______, whether as law lords or otherwise, and officials within the executive arm of government, planning inspectors and social security adjudicators and so on, perform a lot of functions that purist adherents to the doctrine of separation of powers would characterise as judicial. But the broad 14_______ is there and it commands almost universal respect. Why? Because of the lessons of English history.