Incentive programs are designed to reward employees for good performance.

A. less than or equal to     B. greater than or equal to      C. always equal to

Each day, computers help millions of people do their jobs more effectively. For example, they can help managers decide on a future course of action, and they can then help with the follow-up checks on performance to see if planned goals are being achieved. By using accurate and timely facts supplied by data base management software, a manager can do a better job of identifying problems and opportunities. And managers may not need to spend as much time in controlling when a computer can respond with a triggered report if actual performance varies from what was planned. The time saved in controlling may allow managers to give more attention to employees' concerns, and this, in turn, may result in improved morale (士气).

But employment benefits certainly aren't restricted to managers. Healthcare researchers and other scientists also use computers to conduct research into complex problem areas that couldn't otherwise be studied. Lawyers use online legal data banks to locate precedent (先前的) cases in order to serve clients better. Salespeople can receive more timely information about products in stock, can promise customers that their sales orders will be handled promptly, and can thus improve their sales performance because of the computer system. And the job duties of some office and factory workers have changed from routine, repetitive operations to more varied and appealing tasks through computer usage. For example, office workers who understand text processing, computing, and data communication usually have vital roles and are given critical office functions to perform.

Which of the following examples shows the controlling function of a computer?

A．Helping managers decide on a future course of action.

B．Helping managers check if planned goals are reached.

C．Helping managers save time in writing a report.

D．Helping managers design a spreadsheet package.

I. Which of the following statements are Ture (T), and which are False (F)? 1. Pseudoscientific ideas are not tested, or are not testable. [T/F] 2. Aliens have visited the earth in the past and influenced our civilization. [T/F] 3. Science ideas are open to tests, and are testable. [T/F] 4. Science is based on facts and observations. [T/F] 5. Crop Circles are believed made by aliens. [T/F] 6. A rock formation on Mars that resembles a face is believed to be evidence of life. [T/F] 7. The Earth is not a perfect sphere in shape. [T/F] 8. Pseudoscientific ideas are basis on which science develops. [T/F] 9. The Great Wall of China is the only man-made object that can be seen from the moon with the naked eye. [T/F] 10. Science fiction does not belong to pseudoscience. [T/F] 1-5:????? 6-10:?????

A、economic

B、education

C、health

D、social

Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year' s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they' re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. "This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply," says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, "and the lack of redundancy in our system."

Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year's flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers ( Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn' t much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs," says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There's a whole industry that's scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "

Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year's fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.

For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That' s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.

Shortages of flue vaccine show that ______.

A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers

B．the demand of flue vaccines is high this year

C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production

D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up

A、only moderately intelligent

B、willing to take risks

C、from poor backgrounds

D、from large families