Culture is the beliefs, () and way-of-life of a community or..

第1题

_____ is the total sum of the values, customs, traditions, and meanings that make a company unique.

A、Corporate culture

B、Mission statement

C、Articles of incorporation

D、Dressing code

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第2题

Which one is the right understanding on culture according to Samovar and Porter？

A．Culture can be defined as attributes of man, including what distinguishes man from the rest part of the worlD

B．Culture is life way of a populatin, which characterizes the particular way of life of a population．

C．Culture is the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs, values and material objects acquired by a group of people

D．Culture is the total sum of material and spiritual wealth created by the mankind in the process of social and historical development．

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第3题

Which one is the definition of culture from anthropologists？

A．Culture is man’s medium; there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture

B．Culture is the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively．

C．Culture is the deposit of knowledge,beliefs, experience,values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time,roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe,and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving．

D．Culture is the total sum of material and spiritual wealth created by the mankind in the process of the social and hsitorical development, especially, literature,art, science,education, et

C．

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第4题

Which one is the right understanding on culture according to Samovar and Porter？

A．Culture can be defined as attributes of man, including what distinguishes man from the rest part of the worlD

B．Culture is life way of a populatin, which characterizes the particular way of life of a population．

C．Culture is the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs, values and material objects acquired by a group of people

D．Culture is the total sum of material and spiritual wealth created by the mankind in the process of social and historical development．

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第5题

Which one is the definition of culture from anthropologists？

A．Culture is man’s medium; there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture

B．Culture is the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively．

C．Culture is the deposit of knowledge,beliefs, experience,values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time,roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe,and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving．

D．Culture is the total sum of material and spiritual wealth created by the mankind in the process of the social and hsitorical development, especially, literature,art, science,education, et

C．

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第6题

Culture, Language and Equality Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, be

Culture, Language and Equality

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.

To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.

People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form. of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.

This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

The author uses “backward” here to indicate that______.

A．backward languages are connected with backward groups

B．backward languages are connected with backward cultures

C．backward languages are moving forward

D．there is no such thing as backward languages

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第7题

Culture refers to the social heritage of a people--the learnedpattern for thinking, feelin

Culture refers to the social heritage of a people--the learned

pattern for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a

population or society, include the expression of these palms 【M1】 ______

in material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture-- 【M2】 ______

abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional

arrangements--and material culture--physical object like 【M3】 ______

cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects

both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary 【M4】 ______

speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another 【M5】 ______

language--the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, 【M6】 ______

literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologist, to be

human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common 【M7】 ______

world of experience we share with other members of our group.

Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind of map 【M8】 ______

for relating to others. Consider how you find your way about social

life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department

store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you？ Your culture 【M9】 ______

supplies you by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for 【M10】 ______

dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a

person's culture, we can understand and even predict a good

deal of his behavior.

【M1】

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第8题

Culture refers to the social heritage of a people—the learned patterns for thinking

, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patters in （S1） material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture—（S2） abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements—and material culture—physical object like （S3） cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary （S4） speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another （S5） language—the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, （S6） literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world （S7） of experience we share with other members of our group. Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind （S8） of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh （S9） at you？ Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, （S10） ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a person’s culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.

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第9题

听力原文： Leadership is the global obsession. Many writers and psychologists try to go ins

ide the mind of the leaders. Kets de Vries here describes the psychological profile of successful CEOs. He explores top executives' vulnerabilities.

You've studied the psychology of leaders in your whole life. How do you identify the successful ones？

The first thing I look for is emotional intelligence — basically how self-reflective is the person？ Of course, emotional intelligence involves a lot more than just being introspective. It also involves what I call the teddy bear factor. Do people feel comfortable with you？ Do they want to be close to you？ An emotionally intelligent leader also knows how to single people out and say, "Hey; Deborah, you are special. I've looked a long time for you." In general, emotionally intelligent leaders tend to make better team players, and they are more effective at motivating themselves and others. Furthermore, leaders do not always learn skill of emotional intelligence on the job. Of course, over the years, I've met highly successful executives who are not self- reflective at all. They are total doers. You have to be a doer to make it in business.

Nevertheless, in my experience, the most effective leaders are able to both act and reflect, which prepares them to manage for the long term.

Do the background of successful leaders you've studied have anything in common？

There is evidence that many successful male leaders had strong, supportive mothers and rather remote, absent fathers. This is beautifully exemplified by Jack Welch, who in his autobiography, describes his attachment to a powerhouse of a mother and depicts his father, a train conductor, as pleasant enough but not very present. However, when it comes to women, it's harder to explain what makes for success. But it does seem that the model for great women leaders is more complicated than that of great male leaders. As with the men, some strong women leaders had powerful, supportive mothers. But others had powerful fathers.

Would you say that culture plays a role in determining what type of leader you have？

Certainly, different cultures have very different expectations of leaders. In America, for instance, a leader is a big shot. He takes himself very seriously, and other people regard him as a kind of support. In Dutch culture, a leader is someone who suffers. A leadership style. that would be effective in Sweden, for example, may be quite malfunctional in Russia. On the other hand, corporate culture varies enormously as well, and companies differ in how they regard factors such as power, status, and hierarchy. There are also great differences in the way executives from various national cultures look at control and authority.

You often write that executives are irrational. What do you mean by that？

Well, ff you study executives, you quickly see that they don't behave rationally all the time. Indeed, irrational behavior. is common in organizational life. The mental health of senior executives is very subtle. They can't be too crazy or they generally don't make it to senior positions, but they are nonetheless extremely driven people. But executives don't like to hear this, they like to think they are totally in control.

Now to sum up, what is your prescription for healthy leadership？

Self-awareness and a well-rounded personal life, as well as an ability to suffer fools and laugh at yourself.

？ You will hear an interview with Dr. Kets de Vries, a psychologist on leadership.

？ For each question 23-30, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.

？ You will hear the interview twice.

Emotional intelligence concerns mainly with self-reflective and

A．decision making.

B．personal achievement.

C．the relationship with others.

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第10题

I. Dictation Culture shock isn’t 1. .

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第11题

【判断题】Attitudes towards punctuality vary from culture to culture. ________ （T/F)

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Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a gi