Only economic size and distance can affect trade pattern. T or F

ht on by the financial crisis and the subsequent decline. Were now up to nearly 3. 7 million families where there is an only child, a rise from about 3. 3 million in 2005. That means nearly half of all parents have only one child. Financial worries arent the only driver. The trend towards later motherhood has been mentioned as a cause, as have soaring costs of raising a child, which have been calculated as ￡ 222, 500 from birth to 21 years of age. This is an increase of nearly 40% in 10 years. The increasing availability of IVF(试管婴儿)is also a factor and an interesting one. Couples who might have remained childless in the past now invest in IVF and get pregnant. And because of the cost they stop after one child. It may not be a bad thing: there are outstanding examples of talented only children. Some argue that being an only child promoted their success. These include actors Natalie Portman and Al Paci-no, golfer Tiger Woods and even Queen Victoria. A study from the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex also showed that the fewer brothers and sisters a child has, the happier they are. It seems fighting for parental attention and affection—which sometimes descends into physical fights—is more stressful than any adult had previously thought. And its not compensated(弥补)by having a playmate.

The smaller size of UK families is mainly related to______.

A．financial problems

B．technical problems

C．health problems

D．cultural problems

emographic fact. Cities such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered "mega-cities", reflecting their enormous size and huge populations, which in many cases is around the twenty million-mark. There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded: one economic and other socio-cultural.【M1】______ Undoubtedly, the primary cause for cities becoming so crowded is economic. With a country develops, its cities become【M2】______ the engines of development. Furthermore, many jobs are available【M3】______ in these areas. Tokyo, for example, is the motor for Japans rapid【M4】______ economic development in the 1960 s and 70 s; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to Tokyo so that they could find jobs and establish economic security themselves and【M5】______ their families. A further factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrating to the【M6】______ cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personnel【M7】______ reasons. The better universities are always located in big cities and this attracts tens of thousands of students every year. These students usually stay up and work in the city after they graduate.【M8】______ Moreover, young people will move to the city as if the villages and【M9】______ rural areas are often governed by custom and tradition, which they believe is an obstacle to their private freedom. In conclusion, we can say that amongst the many causes behind urban population density, the economic or cultural are the【M10】______ most significant. People always move to the areas which provide opportunity and the freedom they desire. It is now the responsibility of municipal councils to make sure these people are housed, clothed, fed and educated.

【M1】

internationally top-ranked universities, and in the percentage of overseas students it attracts each year. These are significant achievements, too often overlooked. They were not quickly or easily won. In an increasingly competitive world, they can be quickly and permanently lost.

Within the UK, universities deliver huge benefits, particularly well documented in science, technology and medicine, the greatest of which may be the flow of graduates into the workforce. The most remarked-upon, however, is the rapid expansion of our role as innovators with a significant economic impact. In recent years, high-technology and biotechnology clusters have sprung up around a number of research-intensive universities.

Focusing only on what is most easily measured or o immediate economic impact is to miss the deeper point, of course. Through the arts, humanities and social sciences, this country’s universities contribute broadly to society, adding greatly to human well-being. Although universities are offering their best help in the economic downturn, as institutions we are above all for the students of today who will be the workforce, citizens and leaders of tomorrow; the discoveries that will transform. the future; the scholarly insights that will change the way the world thinks and acts.

What has made the UK system so successful？ I point to the quality of water we provide, the talent we attract, and the diversity of strengths that we offer. The diversity of UK universities is partially reflected in our differences in age, size, history, governance, in the makeup of our student bodies, course offerings, the kinds of research we do, the combination of teaching and research, and the balance of academic and professional or pre-professional training.

1.According to the passage, the number of the internationally top-ranked universities in the UK is only less than that of ______ in the world.

A. Japan

B. France

C. Germany

D. the United States

2.According to the author, the most important contribution made by UK universities to society is _______.

A. the quality graduates

B. scientific discoveries

C. technological improvements

D. biotechnological achievementA B C D

3.According to the author, universities should pay more attention to _______.

A. measures with economic impact

B. current issues

C. people and discoveries that will change the future

D. economic downturnA B C D

4.According to the author, UK university system is very successful, because they offer quality education, ________.

A. and attract different kinds of professors and students

B. and all universities are world famous

C. and focus on what is most easily measured

D. attract the talent, and have many strengthsA B C D

5.The passage is probably written by a UK_______.

A. government official

B. educational expert

C. salesman

D. economist

第二篇 Benefits of Educating Girl

The benefits of educating girls are numerous — to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women, to their future families, and to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies. A girl's education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is, the more likely are her children — particularly her daughters — to roll and stay in school. 

The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition(营养), use health services more frequently, and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier themselves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing (分娩)and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy(怀孕). 

The educational level achieved by women, like family planning services, has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of education on family size is strongest and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than their less educated husbands, but also are more likely to use effective contraception(避孕) successfully and to limit their families to the number of children, which contribute to smaller family size. 

Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest, therefore, in countries that combine strong family planning and health programs with high levels of education for women.

31 According to the article, families and the whole society benefit from women's

A work.

B education.

C effort.

D health.

A.longer,larger

B.shorter,larger

C.longer,smaller

D.shorter,smaller

SECTION B PASSAGES

Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： Canals are watercourses constructed to improve and extend natural waterways. They are generally built to facilitate transportation, but from the beginning they have been used for many additional purposes including draining swamps, irrigating land for cultivation, and promoting economic development.

Canals are often classified by the size of vessel they can accommodate. Some small local canals, which are able to float only 100 to 300 ton boats or small rafts of timber, may be only 3 feet deep. Major barge canals generally range from 6 to 9 feet in depth, and some are as much as 10 or 12 feet deep. These canals can carry 1,350 to 2,000 ton craft. Ship canals are 25 feet or more deep and are capable of accommodating large vessels in the seagoing class.

Canals may also be classified as either water level or lock canals. Water level canals do not vary in height a- long their courses. The best known of these is the Suez Canal, which is at sea level. Lock canals, which include most modern waterways, contain locks, or special devices for raising and lowering boats along their courses by changing the depth of the water. Each lock is a stretch of water enclosed by gates at each end. After a boat enters the lock, water is let or drained out until it reaches approximately the same level as the water ahead.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．How canals are constructed.

B．Common types of canal boats and barges.

C．The world's largest canals.

D．How canals are used and classified.

rally built to facilitate transportation, but from the beginning they have been used for many additional purposes including draining swamps, irrigating land for cultivation, and promoting economic development.

Canals are often classified by the size of vessel they can accommodate. Some small local canals, which are able to float only 100 to 300 ton boats or small rafts of timber, may be only 3 feet deep. Major barge canals generally range from 6 to 9 feet in depth, and some are as much as 10 or 12 feet deep. These canals can carry 1,350 to 2,000 ton craft. Ship canals are 25 feet or more deep and are capable of accommodating large vessels in the seagoing class.

Canals may also be classified as either water level or lock canals. Water level canals do not vary in height along their courses. The best known of these is the Suez Canal, which is at sea level. Lock canals, which include most modem waterways, contain locks, or special devices for raising and lowering boats along their courses by changing the depth of the water. Each lock is a stretch of water enclosed by gates at each end. After a boat enters the lock, water is let or drained out until it reaches approximately the same level as the water ahead.

The second paragraph makes it clear that______.

A．the Arthur story reflects a historical transition in human civilization

B．Arthur story is legendary and has no real life basis

C．Arthur story is greatly exaggerated and unbelievable

D．Arthur story reflects people' s good expectations of their leaders