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提问人：网友jsgywb 发布时间：2022-01-07

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The author’s argument is that _ ____________________.

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更多“The author’s argument is that _______________________________________ ______________________________…”相关的问题

第1题

Which of the following best describes the authors development of argument？A．Putting forwar

Which of the following best describes the authors development of argument？

A．Putting forward the issue→providing sufficient evidence→comparing the differences→ drawing the conclusion.

B．Putting forward the issue→comparing the differences→providing sufficient evidence→ drawing the conclusion.

C．Providing sufficient evidence→putting forward the issue→comparing the differences→ drawing the conclusion.

D．Providing sufficient evidence→comparing the differences→putting forward the issue→ drawing the conclusion.

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第2题

Which of the following, if newly discovered, would most seriously weaken the authors argum

ent concerning the importance of virgin-soil epidemics in the depopulation of Native Americans？

A．Evidence setting the pre-Columbian population of the New World at only 80 million.

B．Spanish tribute records showing periodic population fluctuations.

C．Documents detailing sophisticated Native American medical procedures.

D．Fossils indicating Native American contact with smallpox prior to 1492.

E．Remains of French settlements dating back to the sixteenth century.

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第3题

Every once in a while you will read some article about a so-called scholar unearthing mate

rial that is supposed to prove that William Shakespeare did not really write the works attributed to him. Many alternative authors have been suggested most prominently, Christopher Marlowe Francis Bacon. One proponent of Bacon as author of Shakespeares plays actually looked for words like "fat and lard" and calculated how their places in the texts of the plays proved that Bacon authored them. Any schoolboy can see the fallacy of such an argument and yet many adult readers of newspaper articles, written by men who have never done any research on Shakespeare, are taken in by the arguments proposed against Shakespeares authorship. It is true that we have no manuscripts of the plays as they came from Shakespeares hand. After all, he wrote the plays to be acted, and the actors used the authors manuscripts. However, almost half the plays appeared in print under the authors name during his lifetime which ended in 1616. A few years later, in 1623, two of Shakespeares actor friends published a great folio(对开本，对开的)volume with thirty-six plays and put Shakespeares name on the title page. They even got Ben Johnson, Shakespeares great rival playwright, to write a poetic introduction for the folio volume. There are other arguments I might adduce(引证)to vindicate Shakespeares authorship. Suffice it to say, a blanket argument against those who deny Shakespeares authorship is simply this: If Shakespeare did not write the plays attributed to him, it was someone else by the same name.

The main idea of the first paragraph is that______.

A．some scholars have proved that Shakespeare"s works were not his own

B．some scholars do not believe Shakespeare"s works were his own

C．some pseudo-scholars try to prove that Shakespeare"s works were not his own

D．some pseudo-scholars take it for granted that Shakespeare"s works were his own

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第4题

Proponents of organic farming claim that using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farm

ing is harmful to local wildlife. To produce the same amount of food, however, more land must be under cultivation when organic farming techniques are used than when chemicals are used. Therefore, organic farming leaves less land available as habitat for local wildlife. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the authors argument depends？

A．Chemical fertilizers and pesticides pose no health threat to wildlife.

B．Wildlife living near farms where chemicals are used will not ingest any food or water containing those chemicals.

C．The only disadvantage to using chemicals in farming is their potential effect on wildlife.

D．The same crops are grown on organic farms as on farms where chemicals are used.

E．Land cultivated by organic farming methods no longer constitutes a habitat for wildlife.

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第5题

根据下面内容，回答题： Have you ever wondered why authors write？ Sometimes they are inspired

根据下面内容，回答题：

Have you ever wondered why authors write？ Sometimes they are inspired to create stories. Other times they write to provide information about an interesting topic. Some authors write to convince us about something. Whatever the circumstances， authors have reasons for writing; this is called， the "author"s purpose. " The three most common types of author"s purpose are: to entertain，to inform， and to persuade.

Think about the last time a story made you laugh， cry， or tremble with fright. These types of stories are written with a particular purpose in mind: to entertain the reader. Authors write many kinds of stories to entertain， including humorous fiction， realistic fiction， fantasy， fairy tales， and fables. While fiction entertains， non-fiction has a different purpose.

Many non-fiction writings or texts are written with the purpose of giving information about an interesting topic. Authors who write to inform. must research their subject to ensure that they convey accurate information to the reader. Some examples of texts that inform. are encyclopedia entries， news articles， expository non-fiction books， and interviews. All of these types of writing give information about certain topics.

Sometimes authors write because they want to convince their readers about something. This is called argumentative， or persuasive writing. Oftentimes， texts that are meant to persuade use specific techniques to make the reader care about the subject， and to think about it in a certain way. These techniques might be found in letters to the editor， argumentative essays， or persuasive speeches.

Next time you read a text， see if you can figure what the author is trying to tell you. It might be easier than you think. Just ask yourself: what is the author" s purpose？

Which of the following is most likely the title of a passage in which the author‘ s purpose is to entertain ？查看材料

A.Why Dogs are Smarter than Cats

B.An Interview with J. K. Rowling

C.The Adventures of Waldo Wizard

D.An Argument for Shorter Classes

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第6题

The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky-rocketing. That's partly because

labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecialties are needed. But it's also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote "team science". As physics developed in the post-World War II era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.

Yet multiple authorship—however good it may be in other ways--presents problems for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, how should the liability be allocated among the authors？ If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review？

Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author's particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate's work or a coauthor's, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.

Problems of this kind change the argument, supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles. After all, if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions, then the judges better know what they did. But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole, whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field, a team is a team, and the members should share the credit or the blame.

According to the passage, there is a tendency that scientific papers ______

A．are getting more complicated

B．are dealing with bigger problems

C．are more of a product of team work

D．are focusing more on natural than on social sciences

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第7题

Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of great

er influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends？

A．Prolific writers can inflate the number of citations they receive by citing themselves in subsequent papers.

B．It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.

C．The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.

D．The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration.

E．International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.

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第8题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

There is a phenomena ill the present. The average number of authors on scientific papers is skyrocketing. What is the main reason for it？ That's partly because labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecialties are needed. But it's also because US government agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have started to promote "team science". As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.

Yet multiple authorship--however good it may be in other ways presents for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, should tile liability be joint and several, accruing to all authors？ If not, then how should it be allocated among them？ If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review？

Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author's particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much cited paper was really the candidate's work or a coauthor's, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.

There is a tendency that scientific papers are ______.

A．getting more complicated

B．dealing with bigger problems

C．more of a product of team work

D．focusing more on natural than on social sciences

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第9题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

There is a phenomena in the present. The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky rocketing. What is the main reason for it？ That's partly because labs arc bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecialties are needed. But it's also because US government agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have started to promote "team science". As physics developed in the post-World War II era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.

Yet multiple authorship—however good it may be in other ways—presents for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in them selves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, should the liability be joint and several, accruing to all authors？ If not, then how should it be allocated among them？ If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review？

Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author's particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship mat tars. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much cited paper was re ally the candidate's work or a coauthor's, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.

There is a tendency that scientific papers are ______.

A．getting more complicated

B．dealing with bigger problems

C．more of a product of team work

D．focusing more on natural than on social sciences

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第10题

Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1.The 5 questions or unfinished statements

Task 2

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Some people argue that self-plagiarism(自我剽窃) is impossible by definition because plagiarism is theft and people cannot steal from their own work. But, this is not correct in law. And there are circumstances, such as insurance fraud(保险欺诈), etc, when it is possible to steal from oneself.

Self-plagiarism, however, must be carefully distinguished from the recycling of one's work that to a greater or lesser extent everyone legally does. Self-plagiarism in academic (学术的) publications is a gray area. However, many universities indirectly recognize the practice as deceptive. They publish rules preventing students from handing in basically the same essay for credit in different courses. There are also rules against someone handing in the same graduate thesis to different universities. Among established academics, self-plagiarism is a problem. It means basically the same article or book is handed in on more than one occasion for salary raising or promotion.

Like all plagiarism the essence of self-plagiarism is the author attempts to cheat the reader. This happens when no indication is given that the work is being recycled or when an effort is made to disguise the original text. For example, an author just makes cosmetic changes to make the same article, chapter, or book look different. But actually it remains unchanged in its central argument. In this case, disguising a text occurs. Authors change such things as paragraph breaks, capitalization, or the substitution of technical terms in different languages. What he has done is to make readers believe they are reading something completely new. This practice is self-plagiarism.

In the second sentence of the first paragraph, "this" refers to______.

A．all the activities about plagiarism

B．the activities of self-plagiarism

C．the argument for the impossibility of self-plagiarism

D．the argument for the possibility of self-plagiarism

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第11题

Roger Rosenblatt's book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopo

litical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as an excuse for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle's recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, faring each work according to the notions of Black identity which it put forward.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories .primarily as instruments of ideology limits much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt's literary analysis discloses relations and connotations among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors？ Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous？ Rosenblatt's idea shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, lie discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform. to that culture or rebel against it.

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt's thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works--yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffused. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to create, a different kind of aesthetic？ In addition, the style. of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the popular theme that describes the fate against which Black heroes are struggling, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression？

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for a keen and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, clear style. exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

Roger Rosenblatt looked at Addison Gayle's criticism of Black Fiction with a (n) __ attitude.

A．disapproving

B．consenting

C．objective

D．cautious

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