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Crackdown on loan repayment penalties
People who repay loans early will get a fairer deal under changes outlined today.
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A team of Russian scientists has challenged the theory that the Woolly mammoths became extinct 10,000 years ago at the end of the Ice Age. The scientists reported in Nature that the beasts may have survived until 2000 BC on an island off the coast of Siberia. Researchers uncovered 29 fossilized woolly mammoth teeth that range from 4,000 to 7,000 years of age. How did these prehistoric pachyderms survive in their island environment？ It appears that they adapted to their confined surroundings by decreasing their bulk. Their smaller tooth size has led scientists to believe that they were only six-feet tall at the shoulder compares with 10 feet of their full-sizes counterpart. The researchers have not been able to uncover the reasons for this isolated group’s belated disappearance.
In order to show how black people throughout North American were culturally isolated from the start, it Is important to recognize how strange and unnatural the initial contact with Western society was for the African. Once we realize what a shock this first encounter was, we can begin to understand the amazing albeit agonizing transformation that produced contemporary black Americans from the people who were first bound and brought to this country. Life in colonial America was completely different from what the African thought human existence should be. This was one of the most important aspects of the enslavement of the African, the radically different, even opposing cultural perspectives that the colonial American and the African brought to one another.
Early European-Americans could not appreciate the profundity of the African world view because it differed so greatly from the Western system of thought and ideas. Western culture, which views the ultimate happiness of humanity as the sole purpose of the universe, could not comprehend the goals or “canons of satisfaction” of a culture with elaborate concepts of predetermination and of the subservience of human beings to a complex of Gods. The cruelty of this misunderstanding, when contained within already terrifying circumstance of slavery, should be readily apparent.
Africans were unable to preserve many of the achievements of their civilization under a system of slavery which denied cultural autonomy to the oppressed. European-Americans immediately attempted to eradicate all manifestations of African political, social, and economic traditions. Moreover, the highly developed African system of Jurisprudence could not function under the American form of slavery. Nevertheless, Africans were able to preserve some of their own cultural perspectives, and many of the attitudes, customs, and cultural characteristics of the black American can be traced directly back to Africa. Religion, non-material aspects of
African culture, which could not be suppressed, now form the most apparent legacies of African past.
Because of the violent differences between what was indigenous to their culture and what was forced on them m slavery, Africans developed an eclectic view of the world, containing both those elements of African temperament that could not be suppressed and those elements of Western culture that were essential to survival in North America. Afro-Americans (the first American-born black people, who retained many pure Africanisms ) and later black Americans inherited these cultural complexities and added individual nuances of their own. So, after several generations in the United States, the black Americans developed a separate culture which reflects both their African and their American experience. The African culture, the retention of some parts of this culture in American, and the weight of the step-culture produced a new people.
Ten businesses have been fined a total of $18.6m for infringing the 1998 Competition Act by fixing the price of football shirts.
There will be an extra 10,000 places on foundation degree courses next year, giving more people a chance to study for a vocationally-focused higher education qualification.
Scientists have discovered a genetic defect that appears to cause deficit-hyperactivity disorder, more commonly known as hyperactivity. People afflicted with this disorder have trouble focusing their attention and controlling impulses, and tend to be rest-less and aggressive. The defect occurs in a gene that regulates the body's use of the thyroid hormone. This finding was made in continuing study organized by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in which 70 percent of children inheriting the gene were hyperactive while only 20 percent of the children not inheriting the gene were hyperactive. And although the researchers admit that this defective gene probably accounts for only a fraction of cases of hyperactivity, this discovery will allow doctors to spot newborn babies likely to have the disorder, and also to provide clues for its cause and treatment.
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