题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
简答题官方参考答案
（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“Between seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when tea was first introduced into England th”相关的问题
Some of those old expressions are still used today, with a little different meaning.
Dutch treat is one example. Long ago, a Dutch treat was a dinner at which the invited guests were expected to pay for their own share of the food and drink. Now, Dutch treat means that when friends go out to have fun, each person pays his own share. Another common expression heard a few years ago was in Dutch. (33) If someone told you that you were in Dutch, they were telling you that you were in trouble.
Some of the Dutch expressions heard in American English have nothing to do with the Dutch people at all.
In the seventeen hundreds, Germans who moved to the United States often were called Dutch. (34) This happened because of mistakes in understanding and saying the word Deutsch, the German word for German. Families of these German people still live in the eastern United States, many in the state of Pennsylvania. They are known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.
President Theodore Roosevelt once noted that anything foreign and non-English was called Dutch. One expression still in use -- to talk to someone like a Dutch uncle -- did come from the Dutch. (35) The Dutch were known for the firm way they raised theft children. So if someone speaks to you like a Dutch uncle, he is speaking in a very severe way. And you should listen to him carefully!
(33)
A．Because Americans used them very often in the seventeenth century.
B．Because England wanted to win the naval competition against the Netherlands.
C．Because British people used them for things that were not good to hear.
D．Because American people hated the Dutch people.
How has this speed of communication changed the world？ To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach Americas.
This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. They would not have died if news had come in time. In the past, Communication took much more time than it does now.
News spreads fast because of______.
A．new technology
B．a peace agreement
C．the changes of the world
D．modern transportation
The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions
so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events cover 【M1】______
a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the
expression of one intellectual and social movement; yet the historical process 【M2】______
which culminates in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency 【M3】______
can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new
way of life but nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution 【M4】______
represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modem England
became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modem Europe in the 【M5】______
end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history
should have to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American 【M6】______
colonies a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new ' 【M7】______
nation. Here, in the popular rising for a "tyrannical" government, the fruits 【M8】______
were more than the securing of a free constitution. They included the growth 【M9】______
of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots
of common dement, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty.
With the American nation, in the first time, a nation was born, not in the 【M10】______
dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
【M1】
How has this speed of communication changed the world？ To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course, this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach the Americas. This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, a few battles in the war of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. They would not have died if news had come in time. In the past, communication took much more time than it does now. There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.
News spreads fast because of______.
A．modern transportation
B．new technology
C．the changes of the world
D．a peace agreement
听力原文： In an earlier age, there was a great distinction in the public mind between science and engineering. Whereas the scientist was thought of as an intellectual, motivated by a desire for knowledge and order, the engineer was thought of as a busy, practical person, involved in producing something for which the public was willing to pay. The scientist might discover the laws of nature, but the engineer would be the one to exploit them for use and profit.
Historically, however, this distinction has not always been valid. In every century, noted theoretical scholars were deeply involved in the practical application of their own work. For example, in the seventeenth century, Christian Huygens, a Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist who developed theorems on centrifugal force and motion also developed the first accurate timepiece. In the eighteenth century, the British mathematician and philosopher Sir Isaac Newton was credited not only with advancing theories of mechanics and optics, but also with inventing the reflecting telescope, a direct application of his theory. In the nineteenth century, the French chemist and bacteriologist Louis Pasteur first proposed theories of disease, and then set about the discovery of vaccines for anthrax and rabies, as well as the process for purification that bears his name to this day.
I propose that the popular detachment of science from engineering has not provided us with useful model for comparison, and perhaps not even a historically correct one.
Questions:
6. According to public opinion in the past, how did a scientist differ from an engineer？
7.Who was Christian Huygens？
8.Why did the lecturer discuss the work of Huygens, Newton, and Pasteur？
9.What was the lecturer's opinion about science'？
10.Who set about the discovery of vaccines for rabies？
(26)
A．The scientist exploited the laws of nature.
B．The engineer was more practical.
C．The engineer was an intellectual.
D．The scientist was deeply involved in the practical application of his or her work.
Section A (30 points, 2 points each)
Directions: This part is to test your reading ability.There are 3 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.
Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travel fast.
How has this speed of communication changed the world？ To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach Americas. This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. They would not have died if news had come in time. In the past, Communication took much more time than it does now.
News spreads fast because of______.
A．new technology
B．a peace agreement
C．the changes of the world
D．modern transportation
The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events.
The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy,” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.
When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology.”
They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.
This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.
The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy‘s core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something.
Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century.
Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine.
Metaphysics, philosophy‘s traditional core—considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together—had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics.
Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform. the notion of philosophy as “queen of sciences” into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline: philosophy became “primary” no longer in the sense of “highest” but in the sense of “underlying”.
1.Which of the following best expresses the author‘s main point？
A.Philosophy‘s overriding interest in basic human questions is a legacy primarily of the work of Kant.
B.Philosophy was deeply involved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science and religion.
C.The set of problems of primary importance to philosophers has remained relatively constant since antiquity.
D.The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development.
E.The role of philosophy in guiding intellectual speculation has gradually been usurped by science.
2.The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century？
(A) Nineteenth-century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases of knowledge.
(B) The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century.
(C) Nineteenth-century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza.
(D) Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth-century philosophy.
(E) Nineteenth-century philosophy made major advances in understanding the nature of knowledge.
3.The author suggests that Descartes‘ support for the new science of the seventeenth century can be characterized as
(A) pragmatic and hypocritical
(B) cautious and inconsistent
(C) daring and opportunistic
(D) intense but fleeting
(E) strong but prudent
4.With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would the author of the passage be most likely to agree？
(A) History should not emphasize the role played by ideas over the role played by individuals.
(B) History should not be distorted by attributing present-day consciousness to historical figures.
(C) History should not be focused primarily on those past events most relevant to the present.
(D) History should be concerned with describing those aspects of the past that differ most from those of the present.
(E) History should be examined for the lessons it can provide in understanding current problems.
Childhood did have a history, but it was a short and comparatively recent one, for the very concept of childhood was a product of modern thought. Before the seventeenth century, though children existed, childhood did not. Medieval children lived in the margins of adult life, with little or no distinctive cultural identity of their own. Their clothes were miniaturized versions of adult wear, they had no special culture of play, no children's literature, there was no Worthworthian idealization of the innocence or carelessness of childhood.
The reasons for this absence were complex. Many children died young, and so the bonds of affection between parents and children were of necessity looser than those in the modern West, where most children can be relied on to survive into adulthood. The consequent culture of detachment manifested itself from the very beginning of infancy, for every woman who could afford it sent her infant children to wet nurses to be breast-fed, thereby depriving them, and herself, of one of the most intimate bonding experiences between mother and child. For most people the home was also the workplace, not the centre of the loving affective family, but a structure for toil, in which the immature adults we call children were part of the workforce. The children of the poor worked as soon as they were able to pick stones, glean corn, scare crows, or drive a flock of geese; the children of artisans were apprenticed and went to live with their masters long before puberty; the children of the well-to-do were sent away to school, or to other households to be fostered. And because there was little or no privacy within the pre-modern house, relationships were more public and less intimate than we are accustomed to, a situation in which individuality and affection could scarcely flourish.
The author quotes Worthworth's poem in order to ______.
A．indicate the bonds of affection between children and parents
B．support Freud's idea
C．prove the innocence of children
D．reveal the childhood of different ages
There are many other "Dutch" expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used "Dutch" to refer to something bad, cheap and sham. A "Dutch bar- gain" at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; "Dutch reckoning" was an unitemized account; and "Dutch widow" was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in "Dutch courage", for bravery induced by drink; "Dutch concert", for discordant music; "Dutch nightingale", meaning a frog; and "double Dutch", for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk.
Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some "Dutch" expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the Ger- man. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between "Dutch" and "Deutsch" (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, "the Pennsylvania Dutch" refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.
If someone invites you to dinner and says "let's go Dutch", he means ______.
A．that he'll invite you to a Dutch restaurant.
B．That he'll buy your dinner.
C．That you'll buy his dinner.
D．That you are expected to pay your own meal.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.
How has this speed of communication changed the world？ To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.
There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.
31. News spreads fast because of____.
A.modern transportation B.new technology C.the change of the world D.a peace agreement
32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.
A.fast communication B.modern technology C.latest news D.new ideas
33. Which of the following statements is true？
A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.
B.The world is actually smaller today.
C.The world is changing its size.
D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812
34. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.
A.by telephone and telegraph B.by land C.by air D.by sea
35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.
A.by both sides B.in time C.in America D.in England
警告：系统检测到您的账号存在安全风险
为了保护您的账号安全，请在“简答题”公众号进行验证，点击“官网服务”-“账号验证”后输入验证码“”完成验证，验证成功后方可继续查看答案！
