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Less developed countries ______.
A．devote a large portion of their budget to applied research
B．realize that progress depends on basic research
C．encourage their career scientists to experiment
D．devote less than 70% of their scientific budget to basic research
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Humanity's primal (原始的) efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics. However, the concept of number and the counting process developed so long【C1】______ the time of recorded history (there is archaeological【C2】______ that counting was employed by humans as far back as 50,000 years ago) that the【C3】______ of this development is largely conjectural (好推测的). Imaging how it probably came【C4】______ is not difficult. The argument that humans, 【C5】______ in prehistoric times, had some number sense, at least【C6】______ the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were【C7】______ to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possesses such a【C8】______ .
With the【C9】______ evolution of society, simple counting became necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had and how many enemies, and shepherd needed to know【C10】______ the flock of sheep was decreasing in size. Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally (计算, 记录) method,【C11】______ the principle of one-to-one corre-spondence. In【C12】______ a count of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be【C13】______ . Counts could also be【C14】______ by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string.【C15】______ , perhaps later, an assortment of vocal【C16】______ was developed as a word tally against the number of objects in, a small group. And【C17】______ later, with the development of writing, a set of【C18】______ was invented to stand for these numbers. Such an imagined development is【C19】______ by reports of anthropologists in their studies of present-day societies that are【C20】______ to be similar to those of early humans.
【C1】
A．after
B．before
C．ahead
D．ago
With the (39 ) evolution of society, simple counting became necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had and how many enemies, and shepherd needed to know (40 ) the ; flock of sheep was decreasing in size. Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally (计算, 记录) method, (41 ) the principle of one-to-one correspondence. In(42 ) a count of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be (43 ) . Counts could also be (44 ) by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string. (45 ) , perhaps later, an assortment of vocal (46 ) was developed as a word tally against the number of objects in a small group. And (47 ) later, with the development of writing, a set of(48 ) was invented to stand for these numbers. Such an imagined development is (49 ) by reports of anthropologists in their studies of present-day societies that are (50 ) to be similar to those of early humans.
31.
[A] after
[B] before
[C] ahead
[D] ago
A．0 is less than 51 is less than 52 is less than 53 is less than 54 is less than 5
B．0 is less than 51 is less than 52 is less than 53 is less than 54 is less than 55 is not less than 5
C．0 is less than 51 is less than 52 is less than 53 is less than 54 is less than 55 is less than 5
According to the passage, less developed countries ______.
A．Spend little on research
B．realize that progress depends on basic research
C．encourage their career scientists to experiment
D．devote less than 7% of their scientific budget to basic research
Where is population growth happening？
A．In all countries in the world.
B．In only a few countries.
C．In most countries.
D．Mainly in developed countries.
What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries？
A．Violent social change.
B．Military overthrow.
C．Nationalism.
D．Fundamentalist religious movements.
What kind of animal has a greater abilityto regenerate a lost pan？
A．Younger and more highly-developed ones．
B．Younger and less—developed ones．
C．Older and Less developed ones．
D．Older and more highly-developed ones．
A．The international system demonstrates an unequal economic and political relationship between developed and less developed countries with the less developed countries being the center of this system.
B．Highly industrialized countries are at the center of the world system, and take advantage of less developed countries positioned on the margin of the system.
C．The international system is made up of developed and less developed countries with the developed countries being the center of the system playing a very important role.
D．The international system is made up of both highly industrialized and less developed countries in which the less developed countries can benefit from the developed countries.
A．Many species have developed a habit of migration.
B．Many species have become less sensitive to climate.
C．Many new species have come into existence.
D．Many species have moved further north.
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