题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．repeating
B．terminal
C．debilitating
D．recurrent
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（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“Malaria is all infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is fre”相关的问题
A、a. release of toxins from RBC
B、b. invasion of RBC by merozoites
C、c. severe hemolytic anemia
D、d. all of the above
What is the most appropriate title for the passage？
A．Prevalent Diseases in the World
B．Disease Control and Prevention
C．Malaria -- A Fatal Disease
D．Sub-Saharan African Children
Scientists are hoping to eliminate malaria (疟疾) by developing a genetically modified mosquito that cannot transmit the disease. Malaria has long troubled the populations of South America, Africa, and Asia, where mosquito bites infect up to 500 million people a year with this serious and sometimes fatal parasitic blood disease. For generations, scientists have been trying to eliminate malaria by developing new drugs and using pesticides (杀虫剂) to wipe out local mosquito populations. But these measure aren't working--and some scientists, like Greg Lanzaro, say that because of drug resistance and population changes, malaria is actually more prevalent now than it was 20 years ago. Lanzaro says he has a better way to stop the spread of malaria: genetically modifying mosquitoes so they are unable to carry the disease.
Lanzaro and his. colleagues are planning a multi-year project to produce malaria-resistant mosquitoes--and he thinks they can do it within five years. "We can get foreign genes into mosquitoes and they go where they're supposed to go," Lanzaro says, pointing out that scientists have already succeeded in genetically engineering mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria to birds and mice. And, he says, scientists are quickly making progress on genes that block transmission of the disease to humans as well.
The most difficult part scientifically, Lanzaro says, is figuring out how to get the lab-engineered mosquitoes to spread their genes into natural populations. After all, he points out, it's useless to engineer mosquitoes in the lab that can't transmit malaria when there are millions out in the wild that can. To solve this problem, Lanzaro wants to load up a mobile piece of DNA with the malaria-resistant gene, and then insert it into a group of mosquito embryos. The malaria-resistant gene would be integrated directly into the mosquitoes' DNA, making it impossible for those mosquitoes to transmit the parasite that causes malaria. In this way a small group of lab-raised mosquitoes could be released into the wild, and by interbreeding with wild mosquitoes, eventually transmit the beneficial gene to the entire population.
One reason for malaria to be widespread now is that ______
A．more people have moved to malaria-infected areas
B．mosquitoes have become resistant to pesticides
C．genetically modified mosquitoes still transmit the disease
D．mosquitoes bite as many as 500 million people a year
The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan, the causative agent of malaria, has contributed to the difficulty of devising effective public health measures to combat the disease. It took scientists centuries to deconstruct the basic relationship between protozoan, mosquito vector, and human host. Modern physiologists and epidemiologists are still working out the intricacies of malarial infection.
The disease is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with the Plasmodium parasite. Only Anopheles mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease, and only females take blood meals from humans. To become infected with Plasmodium, the female mosquito takes a blood meal from a human carrying the parasite in his or her blood. Once ingested, the parasite matures in the mosquito's gut for approximately a week, after which it migrates to the insect's salivary glands. By mixing with the mosquito's saliva, the parasite facilitates its transmission to a human host when the mosquito bites that human.
Once in a human's bloodstream, the parasite travels to the human's liver. At this initial stage, the Plasmodium parasite is called a sporozoite. Within the liver, the sporozoite can form. 30,000 to 40,000 daughter cells, called merozoites, which are released into the host's bloodstream at a later date, sometimes within a week of the initial infection and sometimes as much as several months later. The merozoites seek out and attach themselves to red blood cells, in which they incubate 8 to 24 daughter cells over the next two days. When the daughter cells are mature, the red blood cell ruptures and the new parasites are released into the bloodstream to seek out red blood cells of their own. Some of the new merozoites become male and female gametocytes; if these gametocytes are ingested by a mosquito feeding on the host's blood, they will fertilize in the mosquito's gut to produce new sporozoites, and the cycle will continue.
The symptoms that we associate with malaria--a high, recurring fever; joint pain; a swollen spleen--are caused by toxins released from the red blood cells ruptured by merozoites. The human spleen can destroy these infected blood cells, but the Plasmodium parasite counters this effect by increasing the stickiness of proteins on the blood cells' surfaces so that the cells stick to the walls of blood vessels. If the sticky surface proteins affect a particularly large number of cells, the malaria can trans-form. into a hemorrhagic fever, the most deadly form. of malaria.
A further complicating factor in the natural history of malaria is the many variants of the Plasmodium protozoan. Scientists now recognize that malaria is caused by at least six different species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowesli, and P. semiovale. Of these species, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and approximately 90 percent of malarial deaths in the world.
The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following？
A．Describing the life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan as it relates to the disease malaria
B．Comparing and contrasting the life cycles of the six variants of the Plasmodium protozoan known to cause malaria
C．Addressing the public health implications of the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite
D．Providing information on how a person can avoid infection with malaria
E．Describing the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito as it relates to the transmission of the Plasmodium protozoan to humans
Which of the following is NOT a possible reason for whales dying？
A．Pneumonia.
B．Brain infection.
C．Over-population.
D．Over-eating.
Which of the following is NOT a possible reason for whales dying？
A．Pneumonia.
B．Brain infection.
C．Over-population.
D．Over-eating.
Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A．Botswana has the highest rate of HIV infection in the world.
B．Botswana"s economy will be able to afford the drugs needed.
C．35,000 people in Botswana are now on anti-retrovirals and the number is rising.
D．There is no sign of decline in the rate of HTV infection.
Gro Harlem Brundtland made her comments to the World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland recently. She described a number of health programs expected in the coming years. However, Doctor Brundtland said the WHO' s 191 member countries must support the programs and put them into action. With this support, she said the WHO could reduce the number of deaths caused by malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. She also said the death rate for pregnant women and babies could be reduced.
Doctor Brundtland told W-H-O members that good health is linked to economic and social development. For example, she described how smoking tobacco threatens to reduce the resources of all countries, especially developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. The organization expects that number to rise to ten- million a year in the next thirty years. Most of these deaths are expected in developing countries.
Which of the following infectious diseases is not mentioned in the report？
A．Malaria.
B．Enteritis.
C．AIDS.
D．Tuberculosis.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A.It is an uncommon infectious disease.
B.It destroys the patients ability to think,
C.It is a disease very difficult to diagnose.
D.It is the biggest crippler of young adults.
“While the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main effect of global warming, there are other effects as well. For example, there is a marked increase in infectious diseases that have changed their range in the past few years. Cases of malaria and dengue fever have occurred as far north as New York, New Jersey and Michigan in recent years, and diseases such as encephalitis and becoming more common. The sea level has changed, affecting low-lying areas and destroying beaches and wetlands around the world. Glaciers and snow cover are gradually disappearing on all five continents. And finally, plant and animal populations are shifting and migration patterns are changing as species try to adapt to changing climates. Some species that are unable to adapt successfully have begun to decline. More severe weather events, such as droughts and flooding, are also a consequence of global warming, and a warning that action must be taken to preserve the environment now.” (From “The Sierra Club Global Warming Campaign” in J. Buckley, ed., The Harbrace Reader for Canadians, p. 273) From what perspective does the passage discuss global warming？
A、First-person narrator
B、Second-person narrator
C、Third-personal narrator
D、None of the above
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