题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Researchers assumed that self-driving cars may be a threat to ______.
A．the transportation industry
B．our safety on the road
C．vehicle production
D．our employment
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更多“Researchers assumed that self-driving cars may be a threat to ______.A．the transportation”相关的问题
A.resumed
B.consumed
C.presumed
D.assumed
This approach, known as "network innovation", is not limited to electronics. It has also been embraced by companies such as Procter ＆ Gamble, BT and several drugs giants, all of which have realized the power of admitting that not all good ideas start at home. Making network innovation work involves cultivating contacts with start-ups and academic researchers, constantly scouting for new ideas and ensuring that engineers do not fall prey to "not invented here" syndrome, which always values in-house ideas over those from outside.
Plant Gas
Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane (甲烷，沼气) for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家) at the Max Planek Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.
Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.
In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.
With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C..At 30 degrees C., they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.
Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled (增加三倍) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.
Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it's unlikely that the types of bacteria(bacterium 的复数，细菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.
The new finding is an "interesting observation," says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence, she notes.
What was scientists' understanding of methane？
A．It was produced from plants.
B．It was not a greenhouse gas.
C．It was produced in oxygen-free environments.
D．It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.
Plant Gas
Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decarlesd but hadn’t regarded plants as a produeer，notes Frank Keppler，a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuelear Physics in Heldelberg，Germany1 ． Now Keppler and his colleagues nnd that plants，from grasses to trees，may also be sources of the greenhouse gas． This is really surprising，hecause most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen—free environment．
Previously，researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants t0 make significant amounts of the gas． They had assumed that microhes2 need t0 he in environments without oxygen to prodnee methane． Methane is a greenhouse gas．1ike carbon dioxide． Gases sueh as methane and carhon dioxide trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and contn‘hute to glohal warming．
In its experiments，Keppler’s team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth’s atmosphere has．They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material，such as fallen leaves．
With the dried plants，the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C．At 30 degrees C，they found，a gram of dried plant material released up to
3 nanograms of methane per hour．One nanogram is a billionth of a gram．）With every 10-degree rise in temperature．the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled．
Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of meth’ane per gram of plant tissue per hour．Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was ex。posed to sunlight．
Because there was plenty of oxygen available，it’s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved．Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions．That’s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes．
The new finding is an“interesting observation，”says Jennifer Y．King，a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St．Paul3．Because some types of soil microbes consum~’methane，they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere．Field tests will be needed to assess the plant’s influence，she notes．
第 36 题 What was scientists’understanding of methane？
A．It was produced from plants．
B．It was not a greenhouse gas．
C．It was pmduced in OXygen－free environments．
D．It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas．
Plant Gas
Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.
Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant mounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.
In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.
With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.
Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.
Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it's unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.
The new finding is an "interesting observation," says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence, she notes.
What was scientists' understanding of methane？
A．It was produced from plants.
B．It was not a greenhouse gas.
C．It was produced in oxygen-free environments.
D．It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.
A．in order
B．for
C．that
D．so that
A study just published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science suggests that including a smiley emoticon or an emoji (a picture of a smiley face ) in a work email may take people think you are less 1) ______. The experiment 2) ______ assigned 203 undergraduates (76% female) from the University of Amsterdam to receive one of four photographs and then asked the study subjects to rate the warmth and competence of the person who was 3)_____ in the picture or who sent the text. The researchers found that study subjects rated the person smiling in the photograph as higher in warmth and competence than the person with the 4)_______ expression. However, they rated the sender of the text with smileys as not significantly 5)______ and as less capable than the sender of the text with no smileys. The second experiment 6)______ 90 English-speaking individuals (58% female ) from 29 countries. They had to read an email, rate the sender’s warmth and competence, write an email in 7)______ and guess whether the sender was male or female. The results？ The inclusion of smiley faces in the email didn’t affect the perception of warmth but did lower the perception of competence. When the 8)______ email had a smiley face, the study subjects’ email responses tended to 9)______ less information. In addition, when the email had a smiley face, study subjects tended to assume that the sender was female. However, the assumed 10)_____ of the email sender did not affect the rating of warmth or competence. A. warmer B. neutral C randomly D. confused E. response F. competent G. recruited H. shown I represent J. contain K. opinion L. original M. informal N. gender O. actually
A new study from Switzerland sheds light on where ice sheets melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in ei-ther northern or southern regions.
This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern. Scientists have long assumed that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere (半球) during the 30,000-year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.
The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact (影响) on ocean currents (洋流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.
It is still a mystery as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.
The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that ______.
A．most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere
B．most of the ice melted in the Southern hemisphere
C．The North Pole is colder than the South Pole
D．The South Pole is colder than the North Pole
根据下列材料，请回答题
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time？ To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
People volunteer mainly out of ______ . 查看材料
A.academic requirements
B.social expectations
C.financial rewards
D.internal needs
A new study from Switzerland, sheds light on (使某事清楚明白地显示) where ice sheets (冰川) melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in either northern or southern regions (区域).
This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern (伯恩大学). Scientists have long assumed (假设) that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere (半球) during the 30,000 year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.
The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence (证据) of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact (影响) on ocean currents (流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.
It is still a mystery (神秘的事物) as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.
The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that______.
A．most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere
B．most of the ice melted in the Southern hemisphere
C．The North Pole is colder than the South Pole
D．The South Pole is colder than the North Pole
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