Brazil has become one of the developing world's great succes..

第1题

Brazil，a success at reducing population growth Brazil has become one of the developing

Brazil，a success at reducing population growth

Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design．While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates，Brazil had better result without really trying，says Georgy Martine at Harvard．

Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99％a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93％a year between 1981 and 1990，and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average．Martine says this figure may have fallen still further sinee 1990，an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third world countries．

Martine puts it down to，among other things，soaop operas（通俗电视连续剧）and installment（分期付款）plans introduced in the 1970s．Both played an important，although indirect，role in lowering the birth rate．Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas．Global，Brazil’s most popular television network shows three hours of soaps six nights a week．while three others show at least one hour a night．Most soap operas are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities．

“Although they have never really tried to work in a massage towards the problems of reproduction，they describe middle and upper class values—not many children， different attitudes towards sex，women working，says Martine．”They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other values，which were put into a very attraetive package．

Meanwhile，the installment plans tried to encourage the poor the become consumers．“This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible（不相容的）with unlimited reproduction．”says Martihe．

第 21 题 According to the passage，Brazil has cut back its population growth________．

A．by educating its citizens

B．by careful family plan

C．by developing TV programs

D．by chance

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第2题

"Brazil has become one of the developing world's great successes at reducing population gr

owth—but more by accident than by design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had a better result without really trying," says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil's population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globe, Brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

"Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values—not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine, "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other values, which were put into a very attractive package."

Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the Ix)or to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible with unlimited reproduction," says Martine.

According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ______

A．by educating its citizens

B．by developing TV programmes

C．by careful family planning

D．by chance

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第3题

Brazil has become one of the developing world' s great successes at reducing population gr

owth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to【61】birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil' s population growth【62】has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960【63】1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this【64】may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧)and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect,【65】in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil' s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based【66】wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

"Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values--not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and【67】people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other【68】, which were put into a very attractive pack- age. "Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to【69】the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and【70】was incompatible'(不相容的)with un- limited reproduction," says Martine.

(41)

A．increase

B．reduce

C．extend

D．improve

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第4题

Passage Three:Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Brazil has become one

of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth-but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”

Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction,” says Martine.

第31题：According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ________.

A) by educating its citizens

B) by careful family planning

C) by developing TV programmes

D) by chance

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第5题

Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many pe

Gross National Happiness

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. Howev-er, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist (佛教) culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new rulernamed King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness (GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now this is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new poli-cies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

Brazil may be the next country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck？

A.A president

B.A Buddhist priest

C.A general

D.A king

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第6题

听力原文：Some people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sportswomen ki

听力原文： Some people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sportswomen kills the essence of sport -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself. He has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dreams and reputation.

A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Brazil" to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Brazil on the map".

Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Brazil, who won the cup.

(30)

A．Children can have fun from it.

B．People can achieve personal excellence from it.

C．The winner will be greatly honored.

D．It can realize the dreams of an entire nation.

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第7题

回答{TSE}题： Gross National Happiness In the last century，new technology improved the live

s of many people in many countries．However，one country resisted these changes．High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate．Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years．Bhutan，however，was a poor country．People died at a young age．Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world．Then，in 1972，a Dew ruier named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas．He saw that most countries measured tnmrprogress by their Gross National Product(GNP)．The GNP measures products and money．When the number of Droducts sold increases people say the country is making progress．King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan．He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness．If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress．To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GN H)． GN H is based on certain principles that create happiness．People are happier if they have health care．education，and jobs．They are happier when they live in a healthy，protected environment．They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs．Finally，people are happier when they have a good，stable government． Now this is some evidence of increased GN H in Bhutan．People are healthier and are living longer． More people are educated and employed．Twenty—five percent of the land has become national parks，and the country has almost no pollution．The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs．Bhutan has also become a democracy．In 2008，King Wang chuck gave his power to his son．Although the country still had a king，it held its first democratic elections that year．Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time．Finally，Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet． Bhutan is a symbol for social progress．Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH． These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness．They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land． Brazil nlay be the next country to use the principles of GNH．Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration．Brazil is a large country with a diverse population．If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil，perhaps the rest of the world will follow． {TS}Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck？

A. A Dresident．

B. A Buddhist priest．

C. A general．

D. A king．

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第8题

In the developed countries, the dominant factor in the next society will be something to w

hich most people are only just beginning to pay attention: the rapid growth in the older population and the rapid shrinking of the younger generation. Politicians everywhere still promise to save the existing pensions system, but they and their constituents know perfectly well that in another 25 years people will have to keep working until their mid-70s, health permitting.

What has not yet sunk in is that a growing number of older people say those over 50 will not keep on working as traditional full-time nine-to-five employees, but will participate in the labor force in many new and different ways: as temporaries, as part-timers, as consultants, on special assignments and so on. What used to be personnel and are now known as human resources departments still assume that those who work for an organization are full-time employees. Employment laws and regulations are based on the same assumption. Within 20 or 25 years; however, perhaps as many as half the people who work for an organization will not be employed by it, certainly not on a full-time basis. This will be especially true for older people. New ways of working with people at arm's length will increasingly become the central managerial issue of employing organizations, and not just of businesses.

The shrinking of the younger population will cause an even greater upheaval, if only because nothing like this has happened since the dying centuries of the Roman Empire. In every single developed country, but also in China and Brazil, the birth rate is now well below the replacement rate of 2.2 live births per woman of reproductive age. Politically, this means that immigration will become an important and highly divisive issue in all rich countries. It will cut across all traditional political alignments. Economically, the decline in the young population will change markets in fundamental ways. Growth in family formation has been the driving force of all domestic markets in the developed world, but the rate of family formation is certain to fall steadily unless bolstered by large-scale immigration of younger people. The homogeneous mass market that emerged in all rich countries after the Second World War has been youth-determined from the start. It will now become middle-age-determined, or perhaps more likely it will split into two: a middle-age-determined mass market and a much smaller youth-determined one. And because the supply of young people will shrink, creating new employment patterns to attract and hold the growing number of older people (especially older educated people) will become increasingly important.

From the passage, which is the main influence factor in the future？

A．The influence of aging problem.

B．The shrinking of younger population.

C．The changing of working style.

D．The change of consuming pattern.

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第9题

With the economic development, the middle class in Brazil is become larger in number and i

s forcing governments to take tougher action to conserve natural resources.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题

Since its conception, the European Union has been a haven for those seeking refuge of war

, persecution and poverty in other【M1】______ parts of the world. But as the EU faces what Angela Merkel has been called its toughest hour since the second world war, the tables【M2】______ appear to be turning. A new stream of immigrants is leaving the【M3】______ continent. It threatens to become a torrent when the debt crisis【M4】______ continues to worsen. Tens of thousands of Portuguese, Greek and Irish people have left their homelands this year, many headed for the southern【M5】______ hemisphere. Anecdotal evidence points to same happening in【M6】______ Spain and Italy. This year, 2,500 Greek citizens have moved to Australia and another 40,000 have " expressed interests" in moving【M7】______ south. Ireland s central statistics office has projected that 50,000 people have left the republic by the end of the year, many for【M8】______ Australia and the US. Portugals foreign ministry reports that at least 10,000 people have left to oil-rich Angola. On 31 October,【M9】______ there were 97,616 Portuguese people registered in the consulates in Luanda and Benguela, almost double the number in 2005. The Portuguese are also heading to other former colonies, such as Mozambique and Brazil. According to Brazilian government figures, the number of foreigners legally living in Brazil rose to 1.47 million in June, up more than 50% from 961,877 last December. Not all are Europeans, but the number of Portuguese alone have jumped from 276,000 in 2010 to nearly 330,000.【M10】______

【M1】

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Brazil has become one of the developing world's great successes at reducing population gro