Many deaf Americans have English as their first language.A.YB.NC.NG
Many deaf Americans have English as their first language.
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Many deaf Americans have English as their first language.
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Deafness
Latest Situation
About 16-million people in the United States have lost some of their hearing. About 2-million others are extremely or completely deaf. They can not hear speech or most other sounds in their everyday environment, even with a hearing aid to make sounds louder.
Categories of Hearing Loss
There are several kinds of hearing loss. One is conductive hearing loss. It results from disease or injury to the outer or middle part of the ear. The damage prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear. Usually, this form. of hearing loss is not extreme. And a hearing aid or medical treatment often can restore hearing.
A second kind of hearing loss involves the nerves. It is caused by damage to the inner ear. A loud noise or disease may destroy some of the tiny nerve cells that carry sound. People suffering this kind of damage may lose the ability to hear some sounds, high or low. For example, they may be able to hear the low noise of a truck, but not speech. Hearing aids usually can not help people with this kind of deafness.
The third kind of deafness is called a central hearing loss. It is caused by damage to the hearing nerves leading to the brain or in the brain itself.
Causes of Deafness
Deafness is the most common bodily disability in America. Often nothing can be done to stop it. But many cases can be prevented.
One simple thing is responsible for most hearing loss. That one thing is noise—telephone bells, loud music, vehicles, or machines. In industrial countries, especially, these things make the environment very noisy. Studies have shown that old men in quiet African villages have much better hearing than young people in America.
Other causes of deafness include accidents, brain tumors, some drugs, and car infections or other illnesses. Babies born too early may have damaged hearing. And about half of all deafness is at least partly caused by damaged genes, passed from parent to child. Rarely do the parents know they possess a gene for deafness. They can hear very well. Yet their child is born deaf. More than 90 percent of deaf children are born to hearing parents.
Problems Caused by Deafness
Not everyone who is deaf is disabled in the same way. This is because the disability generally depends on two things: the age at which hearing is lost, and the amount of deafness. Those who lose their hearing early in life—before they have learned to speak—usually have greater problems than those who lose it later in life.
One problem is communication. The deaf are cut-off from the language used by hearing people around them. But deaf people around the world have created hundreds of languages that are spoken with the hands. Most deaf people in North America use American Sign Language to communicate with each other. In the United States, it is the fourth most commonly used language following English, Spanish and Italian.
For many deaf Americans, English is a second language. They learned American Sign Language first. People who learn sign language as their first language think in it. They even dream in it. As hearing people may talk in their sleep, deaf people may make signs in their sleep.
For many years, American Sign Language was banned in schools for the deaf in the United States. Educators feared that sign language would keep deaf people from communicating with hearing people. Today, schools for the deaf have begun to accept American Sign Language. Few classes are taught completely in American Sign Language. But some teachers mix American Sign Language with a sign language form. of English called "Signed English". The idea is to permit deaf people to use any methods of communication they find useful.
Devices to Help the Deaf
Educators are not the only ones trying
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A.blind
B.mute
C.deaf
D.lame
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.The deaf and mute use an oral form. of communication.
B.There are many forms of communication in existence today.
C.Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.
D.Verbalization is the most common form. of communication.
A.They often turn a deaf ear to others' advice.
B.They tend to be more gambling in nature.
C.They are not so quick-witted as the young.
D.They do not have as many sources of income.
The schools for the deaf had many problems during the Civil War. There are many stories about that【23】in history.
Some schools for the deaf had to close during the Civil War. The【24】of many were taken over by the Confederate or Union army and occupied by【25】. The Tennessee School even became a hospital and is now a national landmark.
Some schools【26】because the teachers joined the war. At the Kentucky School, the superintendent’s son【27】to join the Union Army. He died during battle and never returned. Teachers at the Tennessee School also resigned, but they joined the Confederate Army.
A sad【28】took place in North Carolina during the Civil War. A 55-year-old man was out walking one day. He was【29】his way home when a soldier saw him. The soldier【30】the man to stop. The man was deaf and did not hear the soldier’s command. The soldier shot the man and【31】him.
In southeastern states, every school for the deaf closed except one. The Kentucky School for the Deaf remained【32】. Its superintendent did not allow soldiers to occupy the school. He told officers from both armies【33】would happen if they moved into the school. He warned the officers that all of the teachers would resign and the soldiers would have to take care of the deaf students. He【34】both sides, so the Kentucky School for the Deaf was【35】occupied by either the Confederate or Union troops!
(41)
A.two
B.three
C.several
D.a few
Dr. Stokoe decided to propose a study of sign language. Many other teachers were not interested, and thought Dr. Stokoe was【C2】______to think about studying sign language. Even deaf teachers were not very interested in the project. However, Dr. Stokoe did not give up.【C3】______, he started the Linguistics Research Program in'1957. Stokoe and his two deaf assistants, worked【C4】______this project during the summer and after school. The three【C5】______made films of deaf people signing. The deaf people in the films did not understand【C6】______the research was about and were just trying to be nice to Dr. Stokoe. Many people thought the whole project was silly, but【C7】______agreed with Dr. Stokoe in order to please him.
Stokoe and his【C8】______studied the films of signing. They【C9】______the films and tried to see patterns in the signs. The results of the research were【C10】______: the signs used by all of the signers【C11】______certain linguistic rules.
Dr. Stokoe was the first linguist to test American Sign Language【C12】______a real language. He published the【C13】______ in 1960,but not many people paid attention to the study. Dr. Stokoe was still【C14】______ —he was the only linguist who【C15】______that sign language was more than gestures. He knew it was a language of its own and not just another form. of English.
【C1】
A.ashamed
B.bored
C.interested
D.involved
A.There are many forms of communication in existence today.
B.Verbalization is the most common form. of communication.
C.Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.
D.The deaf and the mute use an oral form. of communication.
Dr. Stokoe decided to propose a study of sign language. Many other teachers were not interested, and thought Dr. Stokoe was【C2】______to think about studying sign language. Even deaf teachers were not very interested in the project. However, Dr. Stokoe did not give up.【C3】______, he started the Linguistics Research Program in'1957. Stokoe and his two deaf assistants, worked【C4】______this project during the summer and after school. The three【C5】______made films of deaf people signing. The deaf people in the films did not understand【C6】______the research was about and were just trying to be nice to Dr. Stokoe. Many people thought the whole project was silly, but【C7】______agreed with Dr. Stokoe in order to please him.
Stokoe and his【C8】______studied the films of signing. They【C9】______the films and tried to see patterns in the signs. The results of the research were【C10】______: the signs used by all of the signers【C11】______certain linguistic rules.
Dr. Stokoe was the first linguist to test American Sign Language【C12】______a real language. He published the【C13】______ in 1960,but not many people paid attention to the study. Dr. Stokoe was still【C14】______ —he was the only linguist who【C15】______that sign language was more than gestures. He knew it was a language of its own and not just another form. of English.
【C1】
A.ashamed
B.bored
C.interested
D.involved
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