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The main idea of this passage is ______.
A．in modem society people are under great work pressure
B．nowadays people want to enjoy life more than do hard work
C．work should be to people more than just a means to survive
D．more jobs of delight should be created for people
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Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modem times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt. The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves.
Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize, the best that is in him. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means ______.
A．a criminal must be severely punished
B．a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has done
C．a criminal must be given a punishment that he deserves
D．a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth
A．was in debt to the criminal and must put him into operation as a punishment
B．should consider punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crime
C．owed the criminal equality and must first show it in action
D．owed an operation of equal crime to the criminal
A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is "transgenesis", which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoes - say, one that codes for resistance to a certain--disease-it can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm animal, the several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk.
The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryo's strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cell's nucleus. Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete.
The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns ______.
A．embryos
B．pigs, sheep and goats
C．commercial science
D．improvement of animal strains
A．less vengeful
B．less effective
C．less just
D．less reasonable
A．integration
B．discrimination
C．separation
D．exposition
A．commendable
B．compiling
C．perceptive
D．pertinent
A．dismissed
B．severed
C．dispersed
D．disposed
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