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提问人：网友stlzlg 发布时间：2022-01-07
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A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply--all these

were important factors, in helping England to become the center for the

Industrial Revolution. (31) they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men-- (32) individuals

who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who (33) the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were (34) inventors than scientists. A

man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research (35) . He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used. An inventor or one

interested in applied science is (36) trying to make something that has a concrete idea. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories (37) science or by

experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a

light bulb, or one of (38) other objectives. Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even

those who had (39) or no training in science might not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years (40) .A.ButB.AndC.Besides D.Even

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更多“A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply--all these”相关的问题
第1题
_____________ were a series of wars fought by Christian armies trying to capture the Holy Land, free the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule.
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第2题
What do the statistics say about American national parks？ 2. What is the purpose of a recr
eation area and that of a national park？ 3. Whose effort is it that contributes directly to the protection of national parks from the exploitation of business interests？ 4. Why were lumberjacks so angry about park conservation efforts？ 5. What does the “Land of the Free” mean？ 6. What is the Yellowstone National Park most famous for？ 7. Give at least two examples to show that work has been done to keep American national parks as natural as possible. 8. Why are strict rules imposed which prohibit tourists from feeding animals with cookies and candy？

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第3题
Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination co
ntinue to be serious problems. There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each succeeding group. As each group became more financially successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are part of our history, however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more unjust than with black Americans.

Blacks had distinct disadvantages. For the most part, they came to the "land of opportunity" as slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural traditions. Unlike most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes slave-owners separated members of the same family. They could not mix easily with the established society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to adapt to the American culture. Even after they became free people, they still experienced discrimination in employment, housing, education, and even in public facilities, such as restroom.

Prejudice and discrimination ______.

A．were gone

B．have been existing in the American society

C．don't exclude new immigrants from participation in the society

D．are mainly caused by the slavery

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第4题
Desertification in the arid United States is flagrant. Groundwater supplies beneath vast s
tretches of land are dropping precipitously. Whole river systems have dried up; others are chocked with sediment washed from denuded land. 71. Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroding at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing. All told, about 225 million acres of land are undergoing severe desertification.

72. Federal subsidies encourage the exploitation of arid land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers, industry, and municipalities to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity programs encourage arid-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat and, especially cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage overgrazing of the commons. The market, too, provides powerful incentives to exploit arid land resources beyond their carrying capacity. 73. When commodity prices are high relative to the farmer's or rancher's operating costs, the return on a production-enhancing investment is invaribly greater than the return on a conservation investment. And when commodity prices are relatively low？ arid land ranchers and farmers often have to use all their available financial resources to stay solvent.

74. If the United States is, as it appears, well on its way toward overdrawing the arid land resources？ then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay far more later, when productive benefits from arid - land resources have been both realized and largely terminated.

(71)

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第5题
Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Laura Davis grew up in London, far removed from the small country village she later moved to. Although not from an agricultural background, she wasn't impressed by what she had seen of conventional methods. Joining Laurence on the 32 acre smallholding of Bindon Farm provided a perfect opportunity to develop an organic system of farming.

"It was perfect really," she says. "We never considered using chemicals, so we were organic from the start. The land here had never been intensively farmed, it was all permanent pasture, and in the early days it was more an exercise in self-sufficiency than a working farm. Later, when we decided to operate commercially, we both did part-time courses at the local agricultural college. It was a general course, not particularly geared to an organic system. There is tremendous confusion about what 'organic' means. We describe organic produce as 'the products of a sustainable system of farming that is environmentally harmless.' In other words, 'organic' describes the system of farming rather than the produce itself. All land has a certain amount of naturally occurring chemicals in it. It's also possible that your produce can be marginally contaminated by, for instance, the farmer next door. So it is wrong to suggest that the product is completely free of chemical residue(残余物，残渣)."

The Soil Association is the body which approves land suitable for organic growing. Their inspectors issue a Soil Association symbol which can be used in the marketing of organic produce. To gain the symbol, land has to be free of chemical use for at least two years— sometimes longer, depending on how it has been used previously. The organic farmer also has to demonstrate competence in organic farming. The Soil Association was in its infancy when Laura and Laurence began and they were among the first to be awarded the symbol.

Why did Laura and Laurence start a farm？

A．They knew organic produce was in demand.

B．They wanted to grow their own food.

C．They had been trained in organic farming.

D．They had moved together to the country.

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第6题
Desertification in the arid United Statse is flagrant. Groundwater supplies beneath vast s
tretches of land are dropping precipitously. Whole river systems have dried up. Others are chocked with sediment washed from denuded land. 21.Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroding at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing. All told, about 225 million acres of land are undergoing severe desertification.

22.Federal subsidies encourage the exploitation of arid land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers, industry, and municipalities to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity programs encourage arid-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat and, especially cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage overgrazing of the commons.The market, too, provides powerful incentives to exploit arid land resources beyond their carrying capacity. 23.When commodity prices are high relative to the farmer's or rancher's operating costs, the return on a production-enhancing investment is invaribly greater than the return on a conservation investment. And when commodity prices are relatively low, arid land ranchers and farmers often have to use all their available financial resources to stay solvent.

24.If the United States is, as it appears, well on its way toward overdrawing the arid land resources, then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay far more later, when productive benefits from arid land resources have been both realized and largely terminated.

(21)

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第7题
Settlers of the Plains also had to contend with social isolation. The European pattern, wh
ereby farmers lived together in a village and traveled each day to their nearby fields, was rare in the American West. Instead, various peculiarities of land division compelled the rural dwellers to live apart from each other. The Homestead Act of 1862 and other measures adopted to facilitate western settlement offered free or cheap plots to people who would live on and improve their property. Because most homesteads and other plots acquired by small farmers were rectangular--usually encompassing 160 acres--at most four families could live near each other, but only if they congregated around the same four-corner boundary intersection. In practice, farmers usually lived back from their boundary lines, and at least a half-mile separated farmhouses. Often adjacent land was unoccupied, making neighbors even more distant.

Many observers wrote about the loneliness and monotony of life on the Plains. Men escaped the oppressiveness by working outdoors and taking occasional trips to sell crops or buy supplies. But women were more isolated, confined by domestic chores to the household, where, as one writer remarked, they were "not much better than slaves. It is a weary, monotonous round of cooking and washing and mending and as a result the insane asylum is 1/3 filled with wives of farmers."

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第8题
The Homestead Act of 1862 gave beads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or olde

The Homestead Act of 1862 gave beads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or

older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years

of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers

and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large

(5) landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from

filing separate claims. The West, land reformers had assumed, would soon contain many

160-acre family farms.

They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to

become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a

(10) family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools,

draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come

to $1,000---a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was

supposed to provide a "safety valve," they had neither the skills nor the inclination to

become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier

(15) conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large

tracts. They hired people to stake out claims, falsely swear that they had fulfilled the

conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title, and then deed the land over to

their employers.

Furthermore, 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of

(20) commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national

government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders

by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873, which permitted individuals to claim an

additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years.

This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas,

(25) Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Nevertheless, fewer than 25 percent of the 245,000 who

took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.

Which aspect of the Homestead Act of 1862 does the passage mainly discuss？

A．How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms

B．Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform

C．Why it did not achieve its aim to provide land for small farmers

D．How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas

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第9题
Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland hat einen dreistufigen Verwaltungsaufbau. Die unterste Ebene des politischen Gemeinwesens heißt _________.

A.Kommune

B.Bundesstaat

C.Land

D.Stadt

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第10题
受到一部戏剧的影响，二十世纪初德国人把中国称作“微笑的国度”（Land des Lächelns)，是出于对中国文明礼仪的赞赏。
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第11题
Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present movement

Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present

movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.

A fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice

constals grown in the atmosphere. As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months,

(5) the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed

together into a more dense form, granular snow. As new snow falls and buries the older

snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form. firm, a much denser kind of

snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow

cementation―a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of

(10) intergrown ice crystals―finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of

recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of

air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice.

The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or

longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers art convened

(15) into ice.

In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of the Earth, the entire mass of ice

is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers,

the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is

present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.

(20) Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus

weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid

rock deep within the Earth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached,

the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that

flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates.

The up down leads to the eventual melting of ice.

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The effect of glaciers on climate

B．Damage from glaciers

C．Glacier formation

D．The location of glaciers

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