题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
What do patent experts advise people to do？
A．To search through live patents.
B．To infringe upon other inventor's ideas.
C．To imitate a dead patent in a different area.
D．To create truly new invention by oneself.
简答题官方参考答案
（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“What do patent experts advise people to do？A．To search through live patents.B．To infringe”相关的问题
What do we know about Barbie from this passage？
A．The patent for Barbie was obtained in 1958.
B．In 1959, Barbie received a cool reception from the toy buyers.
C．Barbie has undergone a lot of changes.
D．All of the above.
What are Monsantos critics hoping the Supreme Court will do？
A.Allow small farmers to grow genetically modified soybeans.
B.Punish Monsanto for infringing on small farmers interests.
C.Rule against Monsantos excessive extension of its patent rights.
D.Abolish the patent law concerning genetically engineered seeds.
Laying claim to DNA stretches can be careless genetics because ______ .
A．those who patent gene fragments are not qualified geneticists
B．the same gene fragments are often patented by different scientists
C．geneticists have no idea what they are going to do with patented genes
D．some of the gene fragments patented contain no real genetic information
听力原文：W: I don't understand how the inventor earns money from the invention. (19) After all, anyone can copy and sell it. Really, what is a patent？ A piece of paper？ A philosophy？ You can't see it.
M: I am glad you asked that. Actually when an inventor has a patent, it's enforceable by the laws in the country where the inventor developed the invention. If anyone makes and sells the product then the inventor can take them to civil court.
W: What can the inventor expect to receive if he sues and wins？
M: Well, there are different things the court could do, but there's no guarantee. There's a good chance (20) the court could award him compensation and orders to stop the manufacture and sale of goods. It may well be that the goods would be ordered to be destroyed.
W: Can the other person being sued do anything to help themselves？
M: That's the beauty of the whole thing. Ignorance of the law doesn't count, I'm afraid. However, the other person can counter-sue pretending that they were actually the original inventor.
W: You said the inventor is protected by the laws of the country. Is everything equal？ Do all countries have the same law？
M: No, they're not all equal. You're right. It's only in theory. It is being worked on. The World Trade Organization has developed an agreement, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, which makes sure that the patent is valid for 20 years.
W: That doesn't make sense. Twenty years is a long time.
M: Actually, it does. (21) It's believed that inventors make and sell goods faster after they register the patent because there's a 20-year limitation on the patent. On the other hand, other inventors can use the information the inventor disclosed when the product was registered. Giving the information is all part of the deal.
W: Cool.
19. Why can the woman hardly understand that an inventor earns money from the invention？
20.What may the court ask the sued person to do？
21.How does a valid time span of a patent influence the inventor？
(1)
A．Piracy is an easy thing to commit.
B．Invention usually needs heavy cost.
C．Patent is useful but not practical.
D．Inventions are difficult to spread.
听力原文： (16) The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe an invention, both in writing and with drawings, and submit the description with a model to a government official. This was a big improvement from the past when patents were submitted directly to the Secretary of State! Now, if the invention was judged to be new and useful, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years, later changed to 17 years, the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could license their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. (17) The government would not issue any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could sue anyone who used the patented idea without paying the owner of the patent for permission to use it! A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. In exchange for this governmental protection, the government published the patent specifications, which provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding to the general available technological knowledge. (18) And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for free. (19) The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money out of new ideas, and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might otherwise be kept as trade secrets.
16. What is the speaker mainly talking about？
17.What could the inventor do if the idea was used by someone without paying money？
18.What could the owner of the patent do to protect his patent after 14 years？
19.How did the patent system increase the amount of technology？
(7)
A．What the US patent system was about.
B．How the US patent system encouraged technology and creativity.
C．How the US patent system protected Americans.
D．The reasons for the patent system.
What is consumers’ expectation？ (More than one answer)
A.They expect their digital experience to be more human and empathic
B.They expect their digital experience to surprise them.
C.They expect their digital experience to allow for interactivity.
D.They expect their digital experience to save money.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Though explaining the entire human genetic blueprint is still a few years away, scientists have begun laying claim to the stretches of DNA whose codes they have succeeded in cracking. In recent years researchers have flooded the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office with applications for thousands of genes and gene fragments — and they have stirred a lot of controversy in the process.
The biggest problem with patenting genes is that while scientists have at least a general idea of what specific strands of genetic coding do, often it's just that — general. Investigators do sometimes succeed in isolating a single, crisp gene with a single known function. Often, however, researchers trying to map genes get no further than marking off fragmentary stretches of DNA that may be thousands of bases in length. These so-called expressed sequence tags may have real genetic information embedded in them, but determining where those fragments are and what their structure is takes more digging. Geneticists have lately been filing patent applications for these ESTs anyway. "I would guess that in many cases the scientists didn't even examine all the material," says Bruce Lehman, commissioner of the Patent and Trademark Office.
Not only can such filings be careless genetics, they can also be bad business. EST applications may lead to so-called submarine patents, claims that are made today and then vanish, only to reappear when some unsuspecting scientist finds something useful to do with genes hidden in the patent.
More troubling is an economic issue. If the entire genetic schematic is preemptively (抢先) owned by the research teams studying it now, where is the incentive for independent scientists — often sources of great innovation — to work on it later: Licensing costs, warns Jeffrey Kahn, director of the University of Minnesota's Center for Bioethics, could hold medical progress hostage. Patenting supporters insist that an equally persuasive argument could be made that the large genome-mapping groups need patent protection to make their work worthwhile to them.
Stickier than the economic question is the ethical one. Most of us shrink from the idea of anyone's owning the rights to any part of the human form. Besides, if the first anatomist (解剖学家) to spot, say, the pancreas (胰腺) was not granted title to it, why should modern genome mapping scientist be able to claim even a single gene: That kind of argument is grounded not in law but in the very idea of what it means to be human — an issue that even the highest federal court is not likely to settle.
Which of the following is true about the expressed sequence tags？
A．They are difficult to mark off.
B．They contain unidentified genetic information.
C．They contain the entire human genetic information.
D．They are genes whose specific functions have been identified.
What is the best title for this passage？
A) Women's Power
B) An Unforgettable Experience
C) Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel
D) Man Should Not Travel to Space Any More
What benefit can the patent system offer when the patent expires？
A．An increase in consumer well-being.
B．A reduced price for consumers.
C．Higher productivity.
D．The promotion of a desirable invention.
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