Time Chemist（s) Major achievement（s) Felix Hoffmann （) （)

Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree con-tains salicylic acid c水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. How-ever, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.

In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father's pain went away. and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.

Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.

Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.

At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权) on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no Ionger own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.

By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart at-tacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to pre-vent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it !

Why didn't the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain？

A.It didn't work well

B.It hurt the stomach

C.It was not cost-effective

D.It was hard to make

move. Since earliest times, people have always been fascinated by

movement. And not until this century have we managed to capture 【S2】______ .

movement, to record it, and in the case of animation, to reinterpret it 【S3】______ .

and recreate it. To do all this, we use a movie camera and a projector. In

the world of cartoon animation, everything is impossible. You can 【S4】______ .

make the characters you create do exactly that you want them to do. 【S5】______ .

A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat, created Pat 【S6】______ .

Sullivan in America in the early nineteen twenties. Felix was a

marvelous cat. He could do all sorts of things no natural cat can do as 【S7】______ .

taking off his tail, using it as a handle and then putting it back. The

famous Walt Disney cartoon characteristics came to life after 1928. 【S8】______ .

Popeye the Sailorman and his girl friend Olive Oyl were born at the

Max Fleischer studios in 1933. But to be an animator, you don't have

to be a professional. It is possible for anyone to make a simple

animated film with using a camera at all. All that you have to do is to 【S9】______ .

draw directly on to blank film and then running the film through a 【S10】______ .

projector.

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