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更多“The virus is active and highly contagious during the chronic HIV infection.”相关的问题
A、A active replication of virus
B、B excessive immune responses
C、C active immune cells
D、D cell damage by virus
A．recourse … negligible
B．symptoms… minute
C．cure … significant
D．fever … active
E．hope… incipient
Pandemic (大面积流行的 ) HINI 2009
The most active areas ofpandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Eu- rope. Focal(集中的) increases in rates during recent week were _(5l)in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory(呼吸的 ) disease activity with concurrent(同时存在的) circulation of pandemic influenza still _(52) in parts of southern andeastern Europe,_ (53) in Greece,Poland, and Ukraine.
In Western Europe, influenzatransmission remains _(54) and widespread, but overall dis- ease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Westem Europe werepandemic HIN1 2009, (55) , very small numbers of seasonal influenzaviruses, covering less than l% of allinfluenza viruses found, were reportedin Russia. In (56),limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern Africancountries _ (57)the Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia, limited data _ (58)that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in someplaces. In West Asia, Israel,lran, and Iraq also appear to have passed their (59)period of transmission withinthe past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratorydisease activity have not yet _(60) to baseline levels. In East Asia,influenza transmission remains active but appears to be _ (61) overall. Slight increases in ILl werereported inMongoliaafter weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity _ (62)one month age.
In North America,influenza transmission _ _(63) widespread but has declinedquickly in all countries. In thetropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenzatransmis- sion remains geographically widespread but overall disease _(64) has been declining orremains unchanged in most parts (65)for focal increases in respiratory diseaseactivity in a few coun- tries.
A.reported
B.expected
C.marked
D.caused
Pandemic(大面积流行的) H1N1 2009
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal(集中的) increases in rates during recent weeks were______【51】in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory (呼吸的) disease activity with concurrent (同时存在的) circulation of pandemic influenza still ______【52】in parts of southern and eastern Europe, ______【53】in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine.
In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains ______【54】and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, ______【55】, very small numbers or seasonal influenza viru-ses covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia. In ______【56】, limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries______【57】the Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia, limited data______【58】that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also appear to have passed their______【59】period of transmission within the past month though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet______【60】to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be______【61】overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity______【62】one month ago.
In North America, influenza transmission______【63】widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease ______【64】has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts.
______【65】for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.
(51)
A．reported
B．expected
C．marked
D．caused
In a test-tube experiment believed to be the first of its kind, researchers based at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were able to block the operation of the" tat "gene that allows HIV to spread throughout the body from infected cells.
Up to now, genetic AIDS research has concentrated on finding ways to help healthy cells withstand the ravages of the HIV virus that infects an estimated 16, 000 new victims a day, mainly in the developing world.
But by working with human cells already infected with HIV, the team was able to reduce the tat gene's virus-replicating functions by 80 percent to 90 percent, according to findings published in the journal Gene Therapy.
That, researchers said, raises the possibility of a new gene therapy approach capable of supplementing the current drug-based treatment known as highly active anti-retroviral therapy, or HAART, which is used to stop HIV infection from becoming full-blown AIDS.
In recent studies, HAART has proved to be a costly drug regimen that poses serious side effects for HIV patients while delivering questionable results.
"This is proof of the concept that HIV replication could be inhibited by a genetic approach, though we're not at 100 percent yet, "said Dr. Stuart Starr, a study coauthor and chief of immunologic infectious diseases at Children's Hospital.
"Everyone thinks of an antiviral approach, or an immunologic approach to HIV. This adds another option into the equation that could become more important as other options prove not to be totally successful."
Key to the study was an artificially produced" antitat" gene provided by the Washington-based Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy.
Children's Hospital researchers used a mouse retrovirus to deliver the antitat gene into HIV-infected U-1 and ACH-2 cells, which were developed in the lab from the tissues of living HIV patients.
They found that when the antitat protein combined with the tat gene, it successfully inhibited the gene's operation without disturbing healthy cells or causing toxic side-effects.
The study, funded by a private foundation, also found that the introduction of the antitat gene prolonged the survival of immune-system cells called CD4 + T lymphocytes.
Start said researchers have entered preliminary discussions with a New England-based primate center ,where animal experiments could be carried out on infected macaque monkeys.
If animal experiments proved successful, the Children's Hospital team would hope to have a gene therapy treatment ready for human clinical trials in three to four years.
What is the passage mainly about？
A．AIDS study raises hopes for gene therapy treatment.
B．A new killer of HIV virus.
C．Research on gene therapy.
D．Gene therapy proves to be the ultimate solution to HIV infection.
As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering-and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don't recommend this-and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably-and, usually, utterly benignly-a part of our world.
The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.
The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about
food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don't make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don't worry about bacteria.
Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.
In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products.. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning-and found to be essentially the same. According to Dr. Gerba's research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive.. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.
What is the main idea of this passage？
A．We don't need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.
B．Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.
C．The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.
D．The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.
Arthritis c关节炎) is an illness thatcan cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍),a big problem inthe north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs andbackbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are morelikely to be larger and to have longer legs. (46)
The large yellow toads,native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-easternAustralian state of Queenslandin 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from de-stroyingsugarcane crops. Now up t0 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in thecountry, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up t0 60 kma year. The toads can now be found across more than one million squarekilometers. (47) A Venezuelanpoison virus was tried tin the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was foundto also kill native frog species.
The toads have severelyaffected ecosystems inAustralia.Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from theirpoison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth._ (48)
A co-author of the newstudy, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney,says that lit-tle attention has been given to the problems that toads face.Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queenslandand the Northern Territoryand found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active,sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results ofthe study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. (49) But speed and strength come at aprice-arthritis of the legs and backbone due to con-stant pressure placed onthem.
Inlaboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping,arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃). _ (50) These toads are so programmedto move~ apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and asfar as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.
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What is a "benign" virus？
A.It is a virus that causes great damage.
B.It is a virus that once infected the IBMs computer system.
C.It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting.
D.It is a virus that causes no harm to the computer systems.
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