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A.undermined
B.underlined
C.understated
D.underlay
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The word "television" can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a complete system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstructed into that same image.
Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
The field of television can be divided into two types. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. It has been with us for about thirty- seven years in a form. similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled mostly by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC and CBS, who have been the major suppliers of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually not only shaped television as a source of entertainment, but placed our role in this active medium as the passive viewer.
What is the topic of the passage？
A．The role of television in today's society.
B．The marriage of broadcasting giants.
C．Recent changes in modern technology.
D．The content of broadcast television programs.
The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele : distant)and Latin (vision. sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photo-conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.
Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broadbased airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form. similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.
What is the literal meaning of the word "television"？
A．Medium of the masses.
B．Sight from distance.
C．Airwave transmission.
D．Vehicle for communication.
2 The word "television," derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.
3 Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
4 The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the need of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
5 Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about forty-seven years in a form. similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast network, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major surveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon it as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.
The new era of television is brought about by ______.
A．modern technologies
B．computer technologies
C．television technologies
D．the combination of TV and computer technologies
The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can (3)_____ be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply (4)_____, it works in this (5)_____: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of (6)_____ an image (focused on a special photo-conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a (7)_____ (television set), can then be electronically (8)_____ into that same image.
Television is (9)_____ just an electronic system, (10)_____. It is a means of expression, as well as a (11)_____ for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
The field of television can be divided into two (12)_____ determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television (13)_____. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or (14)_____ interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
Traditionally, television has been a (15)_____ of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television (16)_____ it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form. similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks. ABC, NBC and CBS, who have been the (17)_____ purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of (18)_____ have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to (19)_____ the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this (20)_____ medium as the passive viewer.
A．sophistication
B．deformity
C．manoeuvre
D．elaboration
Whether one is intelligent, or stupid; attractive, or ugly; these and many other ideas of the self are (8)_____ from the reactions of people with whom we (9)_____. This process of (10)_____ the nature of the self from the reaction of others has been labeled the "Looking-glass Self" by Cooley, who carefully analyzed this psychological (11)_____ of self-discovery.
Just as the picture in the mirror gives an image of the physical self, (12)_____ the perception of the reactions of others gives an image of the social self. We know, (13)_____, that we are good at certain things and not at others. This (14)_____ came to us from the reactions of other persons, first our parents and then other individuals (15)_____ in life. It should be remembered that, as other people's reactions could be (16)_____ and understood in more than one way, the looking-glass self with which the individual (17)_____ may easily differ from the image others have actually formed of his (18)_____. Clearly, it is our perception of the responses of others and not their (19)_____ responses that (20)_____ our self-image, and these perceptions are often not accurate.
A．consent
B．label
C．frame
D．concept
The world "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capacity of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulse, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.
Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, through which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are-most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about forty-seven years in a form. similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing out role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.
With what topic is the passage primarily concerned？
A．Recent changes in modem technology.
B．The marriages of broadcasting giants.
C．The role of television in today's society.
D．The content of broadcast television programs.
Advertisers now place "banners", links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing, the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well'. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, we'll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.
Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who lure customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites who are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.
The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browser are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant .to click on those banners, preferring not to support of system that put them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to-be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.
With the recent slump in the technology sector and slumping economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional "brick and mortar" businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed.
We learn from the beginning of the text that advertising on the web ______.
A．Internet advertising has displaced more traditional methods of advertising
B．banners and other advertising schemes are the ways to make profit on the
C．is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings
D．seeks to lure customers primarily through impulse shopping methods
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful. Did you know that the average student has 5-6 friends, or that a friend who has previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side？ Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court？ Unfortunately, such facts don't tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship.
In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they objectively are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us rather than those who would be complementary. In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes towards politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics was a good prediction of what friendships would be established by the end of four months.
There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) or forced (student roommates), to see which remained together and Which split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity as an sign of a successful relationship, though there is an exception: where marriage is concerned, once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity (互补) seems to become desirable. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others offensive, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many sides and therefore require a different group of friends to support us. This of course can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common, and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago.
What can you infer from the research on friendship？
A．Averagely, each student has at least 5 friends in school.
B．People tend to develop friendship with their enemies.
C．It is easy for good-looking people to make friends.
D．Judges are able to judge people by the way they look.
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