The light acts asin photomorphogenesis.
A、Energy
B、Signals
C、Chemical energy
D、Photoreceptor
A、Energy
B、Signals
C、Chemical energy
D、Photoreceptor
A、acts more like a wave
B、acts more like a particle
C、shows the wave-particle duality.
D、can be wave and particle both.
A.A.honor his father
B.B.running a red light
C.C.the boss of a company owed the workers' wages
D.D.take care of children
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has
to be taken for grant as a means of solving differences; and this is 【M1】______
not even questioned. There are countries in where the white man imposes 【M2】______
his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black
man protests by set fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important 【M3】______
tant people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be
reasonless men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it 【M4】______
were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening,
what really fills you of despair, is the realization that when it 【M5】______
comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We
may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain
basically unchanged. The whole of the recording history of the 【M6】______
human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us
absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never
answers a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the 【M7】______
bloodshed and suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to
light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking
ruins and wonder what hits us.
The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lay are 【M8】______
finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They ate despised,
mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate
such apparently outrageous things like law enforcement. If half 【M9】______
the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts
forts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving
living-standards and providing education and employment for all,
we would have gone a long road to arriving at a solution. 【M10】______
【M1】
"I would not have contacted you," Hanssen wrote, "if it were not reported that you were held in esteem within your organization." Today, Cherkashin, 69, is a prosperous Moscow businessman. He owns a big house in the suburbs and drives a light blue 1986 Chevrolet, a trophy car in the streets of Moscow. "I've been on my pension now for 10 years," he said when NEWSWEEK contacted him by phone last week. "I'm in the private-security business." Cherkashin didn't want to discuss the Hanssen case. "I don't like to talk about other people's affairs," said the former spymaster.
He wasn't alone; no one in the Kremlin wanted to talk publicly about the exposure of Hanssen either. But that doesn't mean the Russians are bashful about spying on America. President Vladimir Putin, himself a former colonel in the now defunct KGB, has revived the fortunes of Russian intelligence agencies. Oleg Gordievsky, a KGB officer who defected to Britain in 1985, estimates that the number of Russian spies now in the United States has reached "a record figure--more than 300".
in Putin-style. espionage, ideology is out, and so are most acts of subversion aimed at the United States. What Russia needs now is information: military, technological and economic. Putin wants quick growth for Russia's defense industry, sensing lucrative markets overseas. But he has written that it would take as many as 15 years for Russia to catch up with even the poorest countries in the West. "Scientific institutes won't be able to do it; it costs a lot of money," says Jolanta Darczewska, a Polish expert on Russia's intelligence establishment. "It's better to steal--cheaper and faster."
Like many other Russian agents in the United States, Hanssen apparently was mothballed by the Kremlin after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. His masters feared he might be exposed by a security breach in Moscow, and they were getting information of more immediate value from their mole in the CIA, Aldrich Ames, anyway. The intelligence agencies began a comeback under Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov, another former spymaster. Then, a few weeks after Putin became Boris Yeltsin's prime minister in 1999, Hanssen was "reactivated". With espionage picking up again, his counterintelligence know-how may have given Moscow a map of America's defenses against spies.
Putin purports not to care about Washington's reaction to Russian spying. "During the Yeltsin years, they had instructions to avoid any scandals that would spoil relations with the West," says Gordievsky. "What Putin told [his foreign-intelligence agency] was, 'Don't worry. I'm not afraid of scandals'."
What Putin may be worried about, however, is moles in his own security service. Some of the information revealed in the FBI affidavit last week has touched off a wave of concern in Moscow. The Russians fear it could only have been obtained from a source within Russian intelligence, and that has led officials to suspect U.S. infiltration into the SVR. "If you look at the affidavit, they have documents from the archive of the SVR, said Oleg Kalugin, the former KGB general who says he brought Cherkashin to Washington. "Some of the references are from 1999." There were no Russian defectors from that time who could have provided the Americans with the information, officials say.
So are Washington and Moscow back to a spy-vs.-spy standoff?. Gordievsky, among others, thinks Russian intelligence may have misread the new Bush administration, predicting it would be more "pragmatic" and easier to work with than the Clinton White House. But so far, Washington has been no pushover. Bush advis
A.ideology is out, and most acts of subversion are aimed at the United States
B.the aim of its ideology is to subvert the United States
C.ideology and most acts of subversion aimed at the United States are out-dated
D.ideology and most acts of subversion aimed at the United States are in the open air
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would, refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights, and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______.
A.will lead to some rewards
B.will meet their physical needs
C.will bring them a feeling of success
D.will satisfy their curiosity
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble ''when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______. ()
A.are directly related to pleasure
B.will meet their physical needs
C.will bring them a feeling of success
D.will satisfy their curiosity
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for in- stance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______.
A.are directly related to pleasure
B.will meet their physical needs
C.will bring them a feeling of success
D.will satisfy their curiosity
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