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发布时间：2022-01-07
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PSA levels may also be high in men who have an infection or inflammation of the prostate or BPH.
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更多“PSA levels may also be high in men who have an infection or inflammation of the prostate or BPH.”相关的问题
第1题
Your doctor will continue to monitor your PSA levels and may perform other tests after treatment for prostate cancer.
第2题
High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who
High Stress May Damage Memory
According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol don’t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What’s more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.
The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, "healthy" range can actually accelerate brain aging.
The study results "now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans," write Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands ,which sit on top of the kidneys.
Over a 5 to 6-year period ,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers ,most of whom were in their 70s.
Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups, those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate).
The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.
The researchers also found that the total, volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14 % lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.
The results suggest that "... brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within, this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging,' write Porter and Landfield. "This further, suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus. '
31. The part of the brain important for a person's learning, and memory is
A．the cortisol.
B．the adrenal glands.
C．the stress hormones.
D．the hippocampus.
第3题
根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。 High Stress May Damage Memory A ccording to a report i
根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。
High Stress May Damage Memory
A ccording to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistency high blood levels of cortisol(皮质醇)don’t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more．high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区)，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．
The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．
The study results” now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的)stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans。”write Nada Porter and Philip Land field．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺)，which sit on top of the kidneys(肾)．
Over a 5-to 6-year period，Dr．Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of whom were in their 70s．
The researchers tested the volunteers’memory on six people in the increasin9/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group．The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory，but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group．
The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14%lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group，although there were no differences in other brain regions．
The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的)and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging，”write Porter and Land field．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of{he hippocampus．”
第 41 题 Which of the following plays a key role in one’s learning and memory？
A．The kidneys．
B．The adrenal glands．
C．The stress hormone．
D．The hippocampus．
第4题
Women who live in areas with higher levels of outdoor light at night may be at
higher risk for breast cancer， according to a study from Harvard T.H. Chan
School Of Public Health. The link was stronger among women who worked night
shifts.
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to light at night may lead to
decreased levels of the homone melatonin ， which can disrupt circadian
rhythms—our internal ’clocks’ that govern sleepiness and alertness—and， in turn，
lead to increased breast cancer risk.
The new study， the most comprehensive to date to examine possible links between
outdoor light at night and breast cancer， looked at data from nearly 110，000
women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study II from 1989-2013. The researchers
linked data from satellite images of Earth taken at night time to residential
addresses for each study participant， and also considered the influence of night
shift work. The study also factored in detailed information on a variety of
health and socioeconomic factors among participants.
Women exposed to the highest levels of outdoor light at night—those in the top
fift— had an estimated 14% increased risk of breast cancer during the study
period， as compared with women in the bottom fifth of exposure， the researchers
found. As levels of outdoor light at night increased， so did breast cancer
rates.
However， the association between outdoor light at night and breast cancer was
found only among women who were premenopausal and those who were current or past
smokers. In addition， the link was stronger among women who worked night shifts，
suggesting that exposure to light at night and night shift work contribute
jointly to breast cancer risk.
What can we learn from the first paragraph？
A.Women who live with higher levels of outdoor light may be at higher risk for cancer.
B.Men who live with higher levels of outdoor light may be at higher risk for cancer.
C.Women who worked night shifts may be at higher risk for breast cancer.
D.Men who worked night shifts may be at higher risk for breast cancer.
The underlined word in the Second Paragraph means_______.A.Awakening
B.awareness
C.wake
D.waking
According to previous studies， which of the following factors leads to increased breast cancer risk directly？A.Night shift work
B.Higher levels of outdoor light
C.Higher levels of the hormone melatonin
D.Health and socioeconomic factors
Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？A.Higher levels of outdoor light at night may be increasing the risk for breast cancer
B.The study of women’s work context
C.Higher levels of the hormone melatonin may be increasing the risk for breast cancer
D.The study of breast cancer
Which one is TURE？A.The association between outdoor light at night and breast cancer was found among all women.
B.According to the new study， as levels of outdoor light at night increased， so did breast cancer rates.
C.Women who were premenopausal were at lower risk for breast cancer.
D.Only night shift work contributes to breast cancer risk.
第5题
Women who live in areas with higher levels of outdoor light at night may be at higher risk
Women who live in areas with higher levels of outdoor light at night may be at
higher risk for breast cancer， according to a study from Harvard T.H. Chan
School Of Public Health. The link was stronger among women who worked night
shifts.
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to light at night may lead to
decreased levels of the homone melatonin ， which can disrupt circadian
rhythms—our internal ’clocks’ that govern sleepiness and alertness—and， in turn，
lead to increased breast cancer risk.
The new study， the most comprehensive to date to examine possible links between
outdoor light at night and breast cancer， looked at data from nearly 110，000
women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study II from 1989-2013. The researchers
linked data from satellite images of Earth taken at night time to residential
addresses for each study participant， and also considered the influence of night
shift work. The study also factored in detailed information on a variety of
health and socioeconomic factors among participants.
Women exposed to the highest levels of outdoor light at night—those in the top
fift— had an estimated 14% increased risk of breast cancer during the study
period， as compared with women in the bottom fifth of exposure， the researchers
found. As levels of outdoor light at night increased， so did breast cancer
rates.
However， the association between outdoor light at night and breast cancer was
found only among women who were premenopausal and those who were current or past
smokers. In addition， the link was stronger among women who worked night shifts，
suggesting that exposure to light at night and night shift work contribute
jointly to breast cancer risk.
What can we learn from the first paragraph？
A.Women who live with higher levels of outdoor light may be at higher risk for cancer.
B.Men who live with higher levels of outdoor light may be at higher risk for cancer.
C.Women who worked night shifts may be at higher risk for breast cancer.
D.Men who worked night shifts may be at higher risk for breast cancer.
The underlined word in the Second Paragraph means_______.A.Awakening
B.awareness
C.wake
D.waking
According to previous studies， which of the following factors leads to increased breast cancer risk directly？A.Night shift work
B.Higher levels of outdoor light
C.Higher levels of the hormone melatonin
D.Health and socioeconomic factors
Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？A.Higher levels of outdoor light at night may be increasing the risk for breast cancer
B.The study of women’s work context
C.Higher levels of the hormone melatonin may be increasing the risk for breast cancer
D.The study of breast cancer
Which one is TURE？A.The association between outdoor light at night and breast cancer was found among all women.
B.According to the new study， as levels of outdoor light at night increased， so did breast cancer rates.
C.Women who were premenopausal were at lower risk for breast cancer.
D.Only night shift work contributes to breast cancer risk.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
第6题
Data processing is a series of operations carried out on data to get information.【C1】_____
_series of operations is also called the data processing cycle. Data are a group of facts called the input(输入). The data may be numbers, letters, or symbols【C2】______may or may not be related. The information is the end, result or the output. Information is data that have been processed. It is【C3】______a brief, usable form. The operations are performed with different tools. A computer is【C4】______kind of data processing tool. The brain is also a data processing tool. The brain is like a small, personal computer that controls all bodily and mental【C5】______Data, or input, enter the brain through the senses(sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing). The data are【C6】______by the brain, and the result is information. The information or output may cause physical and mental reactions such as body movements, decisions, or ideas. How does the brain tell an apple【C7】______an orange？ If the brain could not process data, this would not be possible. Apples and oranges differ in looks, feel, smell, and taste. The brain can tell these differences. The【C8】______in input help the brain to decide which is the apple and which is the orange. There are three levels of processing data.【C9】______level uses different tools. Some levels require less human effort than others. The three levels are manual data processing, electromechanical data processing and electronic data processing. In manual data processing, the brain, hands, and simple tools such as pencils and paper【C10】______Electromechanical data processing uses electrically operated machines. Examples of the types of machines which are used are desk calculators and typewriters. Electronic data processing uses electronic computers that process data at a very high speed.
点击查看答案
【C1】
A．These
B．This
C．Such
D．A
第7题
Congested cities are fast becoming test tubes for scientists studying the impact of traf
fic fumes on the brain. As roadways choke on traffic, researchers suspect that the tailpipe exhausted【M1】______ from cars and trucks—especially tiny carbon particles already implicated heart disease, cancer and respiratory ailments—may【M2】______ also injure brain cells the key to learning and memory. New【M3】______ public-health studies and laboratory experiments suggest that, at every stage of life, traffic fumes exact a measuring toll on mental【M4】______ capacity, intelligence and emotional stability. Children in areas affected by high levels of emissions, on average, scored more poor on intelligence tests and were more【M5】______ prone to depression, anxiety and attention problems than children growing in cleaner air, separate research teams in New York,【M6】______ Boston, Beijing, and Krakow, Poland, found. And older men and women long exposing to higher levels of traffic-related particles【M7】______ and ozone had memory and reasoning problems effectively added【M8】______ five years to her mental age, other university researchers in Boston【M9】______ reported this year. The emissions may also height the risk of【M10】______ Alzheimers disease and speed the effects of Parkinsons disease. "The evidence is growing that air pollution can affect the brain," says medical epidemiologist Heather Volk at USCs Keck School of Medicine. "We may be starting to realize the effects are broader than we realized."
点击查看答案
【M1】
第8题
High Stress May Damage Memory According to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people
High Stress May Damage Memory
According to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistently high b1ood levels of cortisol don’t score as well on memory tests as their peels with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more． high 1evels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking 0f the hippocampus，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．The 6ndings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．
The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans，”write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands，which sit on top of the kidneys．
Over a 5 to 6一year period，Dr． Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24一hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of Whom were in their 70s．
Despite wide variation in cortisol levels．the participants could be divided into three Subgroups：those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high（increasing／high）：those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate（increasing／moderate）；and subjects whose cortisol decreased，but Was currently moderate（decreasing／moderate）．
The researchers tested the volunteers’ memory on six people in the increasing／high category and five people in the decreasing／moderate group．The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory，but the increasing／high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing／moderate group．
The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing／high group was 14％ lower than those in the decreasing／moderate group，although there were no differences in 0ther brain regions．
The results suggest that brain aging Can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging．”write Porter and Landfield．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus．”
第 26 题 The part of the brain important for a person’s learning and memory is．
A．the cortisol．
B．the adrenal glands．
C．the stress hormones
D．the hippocampus．
第9题
Municipal sewage is of relatively recent origin as a pollutant. It was first brought to public attention in the 19th century by a London physician who showed that the city's cholera outbreak had been
The problem of municipal sewage disposal is complicated by the fact that, years ago, most cities combined their storm and waste disposal sewers. Many of these combined systems work well, but others cannot cope with sudden heavy rains. When such storms occur, water mixed with sewage may flood and disable treatment plants unless bypassed, untreated, into a stream. In either case, the people may have little protection for several days from these wastes that may contain disease germs.
One consequence of pollution, usually resulting from the discharge of either raw or treated sewage wastes into water sources, is an increase in nutrient levels in these waters. These higher nutrient levels result in a rapid increase in the biological population of the water. Excessive respiration and decomposition of aquatic plants deplete the oxygen content in these waters causing decay which, in turn, may produce an undesirable taste, odor, color and turbidity. Increasing nutrient contents may also result in an in- crease in more undesirable species of aquatic life. All these factors make the water un- fit for domestic, industrial and recreational purposes.
第10题
Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health
Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune System, especially when they come in the form. 0f a potato salad or eaten Cold.In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood.White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.
In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of :raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch," said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Spain.
Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch -- starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted in- to the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Immunology expert Lena Ohman's team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.
What form. of potato is the most nutrient to the human body？
A．Potato soup.
B．Potato cake.
C．Potato salad
D．Hot boiled potato.
